測試laravel commands的方法詳解

引言

最近使用到laravel的consolo命令列工具，在寫指令，想寫一些測試的時候，發現官方文件中並沒有提到command的測試方法。花了點時間，翻牆找了資料，實踐成功並記錄一下，方便更多人。

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測試方法

大家都知道Laravel中使用了許多Symfony的成熟元件，Laravel的console組件使用的就是Symfony/console。

幸運的是，Symfony/console 元件中提供了用於command測試的CommandTester, 使用方法如下

...
use FooCommand;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Application;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Tester\CommandTester;
...
public function testSample(){
    //创建一个console测试应用平台，用来搭载测试的命令
    $application = new Application();
    
    //创建待测试的command
    $testedCommand = $this->app->make(FooCommand::class);
    //设置命令执行需要的laravel依赖
    $testedCommand->setLaravel(app());
    //添加待测试的command到测试应用上
    //同时command 也绑定 application
    $application->add($testedCommand);
    //实例化命令测试类
    $commandTester = new CommandTester($testedCommand);
    //命令输入流，对应每次交互需要提供的输入内容
    $commandTester->setInputs([
        //...
        ]);
    //执行命令
    $commandTester->execute(['command' => $testedCommand->getName()]);
    //对命令执行结果进行断言测试，主要是依靠正则判断
    //$commandTester->getDisplay() 方法可以获取命令执行后的输出结果
    $this->assertRegExp("/some reg/", $commandTester->getDisplay());
}

範例

我們現在有一個手動建立新使用者的指令createUser,作用就是手動建立一個使用者。

需要互動式讓使用者輸入name,email,password,comfirm password,這些資料。

要待測試的command

<?php
namespace App\Console\Commands;
use App\User;
use Illuminate\Auth\Events\Registered;
use Illuminate\Console\Command;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
class CreateUser extends Command
{
    /**
     * The name and signature of the console command.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $signature = &#39;createUser&#39;;
    /**
     * The console command description.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $description = &#39;create new user for system manually&#39;;
    /**
     * Create a new command instance.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        parent::__construct();
    }
    /**
     * Execute the console command.
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle()
    {
        $this->line($this->description);
        // 获取输入的数据
        $data = [
            &#39;name&#39; => $this->ask(&#39;What\&#39;s your name?&#39;),
            &#39;email&#39; => $this->ask(&#39;What\&#39;s your email?&#39;),
            &#39;password&#39; => $this->secret(&#39;What\&#39;s your password?&#39;),
            &#39;password_confirmation&#39; => $this->secret(&#39;Pleas confirm your password.&#39;)
        ];
        // 验证输入内容
        $validator = $this->makeValidator($data);
        if ($validator->fails()) {
            foreach ($validator->errors()->toArray() as $error) {
                foreach ($error as $message) {
                    $this->error($message);
                }
            }
            return;
        }
        // 向用户确认输入信息
        if (!$this->confirm(&#39;Confirm your info: &#39; . PHP_EOL . &#39;name:&#39; . $data[&#39;name&#39;] . PHP_EOL . &#39;email:&#39; . $data[&#39;email&#39;] . PHP_EOL . &#39;is this correct?&#39;)) {
            return;
        }
        // 注册
        $user = $this->create($data);
        event(new Registered($user));
        $this->line(&#39;User &#39; . $user->name . &#39; successfully registered&#39;);
    }
    /**
     * Get a validator for an incoming registration request.
     *
     * @param  array $data
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Validator
     */
    protected function makeValidator($data)
    {
        return Validator::make($data, [
            &#39;name&#39; => &#39;required|string|max:255|unique:users&#39;,
            &#39;email&#39; => &#39;required|string|email|max:255|unique:users&#39;,
            &#39;password&#39; => &#39;required|string|min:6|confirmed&#39;
        ]);
    }
    /**
     * Create a new user instance after a valid registration.
     *
     * @param  array $data
     * @return \App\User
     */
    protected function create($data)
    {
        return User::create([
            &#39;name&#39; => $data[&#39;name&#39;],
            &#39;email&#39; => $data[&#39;email&#39;],
            &#39;password&#39; => bcrypt($data[&#39;password&#39;])
        ]);
    }
}

正確的結果

如果正確輸入訊息的話，會得到如下輸出

$ path-to-your-app/app# php artisan createUser
create new user for system manually
 What's your name?:
 > vestin
 What's your email?:
 > correct@abc.com
 What's your password?:
 > 
 Pleas confirm your password.:
 > 
 Confirm your info: 
name:vestin
email:correct@abc.com
is this correct? (yes/no) [no]:
 > yes
User vestin successfully registered

想要測試的內容

我想要測試兩塊內容：

1.資料輸入驗證測試

● email有效性測試

● password兩次輸入是否相同的測試

2.正確建立使用者測試

● 編寫單元測試

<?php
namespace Tests\Unit\command;
use App\Console\Commands\CreateUser;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Application;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Tester\CommandTester;
use Tests\TestCase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
class CreateUserTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;
    /**
     * 测试数据验证
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function testValidation()
    {
        $application = new Application();
        $testedCommand = $this->app->make(CreateUser::class);
        $testedCommand->setLaravel(app());
        $application->add($testedCommand);
        $commandTester = new CommandTester($testedCommand);
        $commandTester->setInputs([&#39;Vestin&#39;, &#39;badEmail@abc&#39;, &#39;123456&#39;, &#39;654321&#39;]);
        $commandTester->execute([&#39;command&#39; => $testedCommand->getName()]);
        // assert
        $this->assertRegExp("/The email must be a valid email address/", $commandTester->getDisplay());
        $commandTester->setInputs([&#39;vestin&#39;, &#39;correct@abc.com&#39;, &#39;123456&#39;, &#39;654321&#39;]);
        $commandTester->execute([&#39;command&#39; => $testedCommand->getName()]);
        // assert
        $this->assertRegExp("/The password confirmation does not match/", $commandTester->getDisplay());
    }
    /**
     * 测试成功注册用户
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function testSuccess()
    {
        $application = new Application();
        $testedCommand = $this->app->make(CreateUser::class);
        $testedCommand->setLaravel(app());
        $application->add($testedCommand);
        $commandTester = new CommandTester($testedCommand);
        $commandTester->setInputs([&#39;Vestin&#39;, &#39;correct@abc.com&#39;, &#39;123456&#39;, &#39;123456&#39;, &#39;y&#39;]);
        $commandTester->execute([&#39;command&#39; => $testedCommand->getName()]);
        // assert
        $this->assertRegExp("/User Vestin successfully registered/", $commandTester->getDisplay());
        $this->assertDatabaseHas(&#39;users&#39;, [
            &#39;email&#39; => &#39;correct@abc.com&#39;,
            &#39;name&#39; => &#39;Vestin&#39;
        ]);
    }
}

執行測試

$ path-to-your-app/app#  ./vendor/bin/phpunit 
PHPUnit 6.4.3 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.
..                                                                  3 / 3 (100%)
Time: 659 ms, Memory: 14.00MB

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