執行緒同步的方法有哪些?在linux下,系統提供了很多種方式來實現線程同步,其中最常用的便是互斥鎖、條件變量和信號量這三種方式,可能還有很多夥伴對於這三種方法都不熟悉,下面就給大家詳細介紹下。
Linux下實作執行緒同步的三種方法:
一、互斥鎖(mutex)
#透過鎖機制實現線程間的同步。
1、初始化鎖定。在Linux下,執行緒的互斥資料型別是pthread_mutex_t。在使用前,要對它進行初始化。
靜態分配:pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
動態分配:int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *mutex,const pthread_mutex_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *mutex #2、加鎖。對共享資源的訪問,要對互斥量進行加鎖,如果互斥量已經上了鎖,調用線程會阻塞,直到互斥量被解鎖。
int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex *mutex);
int pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
3、解鎖。在完成了共享資源的存取後,要解鎖互斥量。
int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
4、銷毀鎖定。鎖在是使用完成後,需要銷毀以釋放資源。
int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex *mutex);
#include <cstdio> #include <cstdlib> #include <unistd.h> #include <pthread.h> #include "iostream" using namespace std; pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; int tmp; void* thread(void *arg) { cout << "thread id is " << pthread_self() << endl; pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); tmp = 12; cout << "Now a is " << tmp << endl; pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); return NULL; } int main() { pthread_t id; cout << "main thread id is " << pthread_self() << endl; tmp = 3; cout << "In main func tmp = " << tmp << endl; if (!pthread_create(&id, NULL, thread, NULL)) { cout << "Create thread success!" << endl; } else { cout << "Create thread failed!" << endl; } pthread_join(id, NULL); pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex); return 0; } //编译:g++ -o thread testthread.cpp -lpthread
相關推薦:《
PHP入門教學
與互斥鎖不同,條件變數是用來等待而不是用來上鎖的。條件變數用來自動阻塞一個線程,直到某個特殊情況發生為止。通常條件變數和互斥鎖同時使用。條件變數分為兩部分: 條件和變數。條件本身是由互斥量保護的。線程在改變條件狀態前先要鎖住互斥。條件變數使我們可以睡眠等待某種條件出現。條件變數是利用執行緒間共享的全域變數進行同步的一種機制,主要包括兩個動作:一個執行緒等待「條件變數的條件成立」而掛起;另一個執行緒使「條件成立」(給出條件成立訊號).條件的檢測是在互斥鎖的保護下進行的。如果一個條件為假,則一個執行緒自動阻塞,並釋放等待狀態改變的互斥鎖。如果另一個線程改變了條件,它發出訊號給關聯的條件變量,喚醒一個或多個等待它的線程,重新獲得互斥鎖,重新評價條件。如果兩個行程共享可讀寫的內存,條件變數可以用來實現這兩個行程間的執行緒同步。
1、初始化條件變數。
靜態態初始化,pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIER;
動態初始化,int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond,pthread_condatt_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond,pthread_condatt_t_t *con##r_t); #2、等待條件成立。釋放鎖,同時阻塞等待條件變數為真才行。 timewait()設置等待時間,仍未signal,返回ETIMEOUT(加鎖保證只有一個線程wait)
int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int pthread_cond_timewait(pthread_cond_t *cond,pthread_mutex *mutex,const timespec *abstime);
##int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_tcon
4、清除條件變數。無線程等待,否則返回EBUSY
int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond);
[cpp] view plain copy #include <stdio.h> #include <pthread.h> #include "stdlib.h" #include "unistd.h" pthread_mutex_t mutex; pthread_cond_t cond; void hander(void *arg) { free(arg); (void)pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); } void *thread1(void *arg) { pthread_cleanup_push(hander, &mutex); while(1) { printf("thread1 is running\n"); pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex); printf("thread1 applied the condition\n"); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); sleep(4); } pthread_cleanup_pop(0); } void *thread2(void *arg) { while(1) { printf("thread2 is running\n"); pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex); printf("thread2 applied the condition\n"); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); sleep(1); } } int main() { pthread_t thid1,thid2; printf("condition variable study!\n"); pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL); pthread_cond_init(&cond, NULL); pthread_create(&thid1, NULL, thread1, NULL); pthread_create(&thid2, NULL, thread2, NULL); sleep(1); do { pthread_cond_signal(&cond); }while(1); sleep(20); pthread_exit(0); return 0; }
#include <pthread.h> #include <unistd.h> #include "stdio.h" #include "stdlib.h" static pthread_mutex_t mtx = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; static pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER; struct node { int n_number; struct node *n_next; }*head = NULL; static void cleanup_handler(void *arg) { printf("Cleanup handler of second thread./n"); free(arg); (void)pthread_mutex_unlock(&mtx); } static void *thread_func(void *arg) { struct node *p = NULL; pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup_handler, p); while (1) { //这个mutex主要是用来保证pthread_cond_wait的并发性 pthread_mutex_lock(&mtx); while (head == NULL) { //这个while要特别说明一下,单个pthread_cond_wait功能很完善,为何 //这里要有一个while (head == NULL)呢?因为pthread_cond_wait里的线 //程可能会被意外唤醒,如果这个时候head != NULL,则不是我们想要的情况。 //这个时候,应该让线程继续进入pthread_cond_wait // pthread_cond_wait会先解除之前的pthread_mutex_lock锁定的mtx, //然后阻塞在等待对列里休眠,直到再次被唤醒(大多数情况下是等待的条件成立 //而被唤醒,唤醒后,该进程会先锁定先pthread_mutex_lock(&mtx);,再读取资源 //用这个流程是比较清楚的 pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mtx); p = head; head = head->n_next; printf("Got %d from front of queue/n", p->n_number); free(p); } pthread_mutex_unlock(&mtx); //临界区数据操作完毕,释放互斥锁 } pthread_cleanup_pop(0); return 0; } int main(void) { pthread_t tid; int i; struct node *p; //子线程会一直等待资源,类似生产者和消费者,但是这里的消费者可以是多个消费者,而 //不仅仅支持普通的单个消费者,这个模型虽然简单,但是很强大 pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thread_func, NULL); sleep(1); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) { p = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); p->n_number = i; pthread_mutex_lock(&mtx); //需要操作head这个临界资源,先加锁, p->n_next = head; head = p; pthread_cond_signal(&cond); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mtx); //解锁 sleep(1); } printf("thread 1 wanna end the line.So cancel thread 2./n"); //关于pthread_cancel,有一点额外的说明,它是从外部终止子线程,子线程会在最近的取消点,退出 //线程,而在我们的代码里,最近的取消点肯定就是pthread_cond_wait()了。 pthread_cancel(tid); pthread_join(tid, NULL); printf("All done -- exiting/n"); return 0; }
三、信號量(sem)
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <semaphore.h> #include <errno.h> #define return_if_fail(p) if((p) == 0){printf ("[%s]:func error!/n", __func__);return;} typedef struct _PrivInfo { sem_t s1; sem_t s2; time_t end_time; }PrivInfo; static void info_init (PrivInfo* thiz); static void info_destroy (PrivInfo* thiz); static void* pthread_func_1 (PrivInfo* thiz); static void* pthread_func_2 (PrivInfo* thiz); int main (int argc, char** argv) { pthread_t pt_1 = 0; pthread_t pt_2 = 0; int ret = 0; PrivInfo* thiz = NULL; thiz = (PrivInfo* )malloc (sizeof (PrivInfo)); if (thiz == NULL) { printf ("[%s]: Failed to malloc priv./n"); return -1; } info_init (thiz); ret = pthread_create (&pt_1, NULL, (void*)pthread_func_1, thiz); if (ret != 0) { perror ("pthread_1_create:"); } ret = pthread_create (&pt_2, NULL, (void*)pthread_func_2, thiz); if (ret != 0) { perror ("pthread_2_create:"); } pthread_join (pt_1, NULL); pthread_join (pt_2, NULL); info_destroy (thiz); return 0; } static void info_init (PrivInfo* thiz) { return_if_fail (thiz != NULL); thiz->end_time = time(NULL) + 10; sem_init (&thiz->s1, 0, 1); sem_init (&thiz->s2, 0, 0); return; } static void info_destroy (PrivInfo* thiz) { return_if_fail (thiz != NULL); sem_destroy (&thiz->s1); sem_destroy (&thiz->s2); free (thiz); thiz = NULL; return; } static void* pthread_func_1 (PrivInfo* thiz) { return_if_fail(thiz != NULL); while (time(NULL) < thiz->end_time) { sem_wait (&thiz->s2); printf ("pthread1: pthread1 get the lock./n"); sem_post (&thiz->s1); printf ("pthread1: pthread1 unlock/n"); sleep (1); } return; } static void* pthread_func_2 (PrivInfo* thiz) { return_if_fail (thiz != NULL); while (time (NULL) < thiz->end_time) { sem_wait (&thiz->s1); printf ("pthread2: pthread2 get the unlock./n"); sem_post (&thiz->s2); printf ("pthread2: pthread2 unlock./n"); sleep (1); } return; }###以上便是Linux下實作執行緒同步常用的三種方法,大家都知道,執行緒的最大的亮點便是資源共享性,而資源共享中的執行緒同步問題卻是一大難點。 ###
以上是線程同步有幾種方法的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!