Swoole同步模式與協程模式之間的比較 （詳細）
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- 2018-09-13 17:05:281775瀏覽
這篇文章帶給大家的內容是關於Swoole同步模式與協程模式之間的對比 （詳細） ，有一定的參考價值，有需要的朋友可以參考一下，希望對你有所幫助。
在現代化PHP 進階開發中，Swoole 為PHP 帶來了更多可能，如：常駐記憶體、協程，關於傳統的Apache/FPM 模式與常駐記憶體模式(同步)的巨大差異，之前我做過測試，大家能直覺的感受到性能的巨大提升，但是協程到來後，又帶來了多少性能的提升呢？提升的又是哪方面的性能？下面逐步測試一下。
傳統的Apache/FPM 模式與常駐記憶體模式(同步)的測試文章：
MixPHP 並發效能全面對比測試
#協程的優點
協程模式與常駐記憶體模式(同步)/傳統模式比較：
#常駐模式/傳統模式都屬於同步阻塞編程，由於同一個行程不能並行處理請求，所以為了提高並發，只能開啟更多的進程，通常超過100 甚至更多，每個進程都有基礎的記憶體消耗，加起來就很多了，而且受限於Linux 總進程數限制，並發總數無法突破，加上進程非常多之後，CPU 需要更多的執行緒切換，浪費了很多效能，當然相比FPM 的傳統模式每次都需從頭開始，常駐模式還是要好非常多的，但是協程顯然更加優秀。
協程模式的執行方式：
協程模式中一個行程可以同時執行N 個要求，但同一時刻只執行其中的某一個請求，也是說，當執行到MySQL/Redis 這些客戶端時，由於需要等待客戶端回應，常駐模式/傳統模式通常是在傻傻的等待回應，而協程這個時候會掛起當前協程，切換到其他協程中去處理其他請求，所以協程能同時處理N 個請求，每增加一個請求只需增加一些內存消耗，相比增加一個進程的內存消耗，顯然是少太多的，由於協程能並行處理，所以通常只需配置於CPU 數量1～2 倍左右的進程數即可，更少的進程帶來更少的CPU 執行緒切換，又減少很多效能損耗。
開始測試
MixPHP 是基於Swoole 的FPM、常駐記憶體、協程三模PHP 高效能框架，由於該框架同時具備常駐記憶體模式、協程模式，所以能很方便的測試結果。
測試環境：
docker 容器，限制只能使用 1 CPU。
其他參數如下：
Server Name: mix-httpd Framework Version: 1.1.0-RC PHP Version: 7.2.9 Swoole Version: 4.1.0 Listen Addr: 127.0.0.1 Listen Port: 9501
程式碼：
#模擬常用的 HTTP 開發需求，執行三個 SQL 請求。
// 默认动作
public function actionIndex()
{
PDO::createCommand("select * from `test` where id = 1")->queryOne();
PDO::createCommand("select * from `test` where id = 2")->queryOne();
return PDO::createCommand("select * from `test` limit 5")->queryAll();
}
測試結果
常駐記憶體模式(同步)：
| 程式數 | 並發數 | RPS |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | #100 | #838.65 |
| ## 8 | 300 | 683.78 |
| #8 | #500 | 688.56 |
| 50 | 100 | 770.69 |
50
| #50 | 300 | |
|---|---|---|
| 協程模式： | ||
协程在本次测试中并没有像之前的传统 Apache/FPM 模式与常驻内存模式(同步)的测试一样展现出巨大的性能提升，说明：
在少量能快速响应的 SQL 请求中，协程的提升并不明显，应该要在响应时间更大时，才能感受到协程优势。
常驻内存模式的进程数配置过多，并发性能反而会降低，该问题同样适用于传统 Apache/FPM 模式。
常驻内存模式(同步)详细测试
首先 8 个 Worker 进程，并发 100 测试，RPS 为 838.65。
C:\Users\EDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://www.a.com/ This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 3d3b4d2d36ecdad9084894b1b5ed13e5 Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient) Completed 1000 requests Completed 2000 requests Completed 3000 requests Completed 4000 requests Completed 5000 requests Completed 6000 requests Completed 7000 requests Completed 8000 requests Completed 9000 requests Completed 10000 requests Finished 10000 requests Server Software: nginx/1.13.9 Server Hostname: www.a.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 101 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 11.924 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 2660000 bytes HTML transferred: 1010000 bytes Requests per second: 838.65 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 119.239 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 1.192 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 217.85 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 0 0.2 0 4 Processing: 20 118 18.3 118 195 Waiting: 19 118 18.4 118 195 Total: 20 118 18.4 119 195 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 119 66% 126 75% 130 80% 133 90% 141 95% 147 98% 155 99% 161 100% 195 (longest request)
然后使用 8 个 Worker 进程，并发 300 测试，RPS 为 683.78。
C:\Users\EDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 300 http://www.a.com/ This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 3d3b4d2d36ecdad9084894b1b5ed13e5 Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient) Completed 1000 requests Completed 2000 requests Completed 3000 requests Completed 4000 requests Completed 5000 requests Completed 6000 requests Completed 7000 requests Completed 8000 requests Completed 9000 requests Completed 10000 requests Finished 10000 requests Server Software: nginx/1.13.9 Server Hostname: www.a.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 101 bytes Concurrency Level: 300 Time taken for tests: 14.624 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 2660000 bytes HTML transferred: 1010000 bytes Requests per second: 683.78 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 438.735 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 1.462 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 177.62 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 0 30.0 0 3000 Processing: 62 432 493.4 354 3457 Waiting: 54 431 488.1 354 3455 Total: 62 433 494.1 354 3457 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 354 66% 373 75% 385 80% 392 90% 411 95% 432 98% 3170 99% 3266 100% 3457 (longest request)
然后使用 8 个 Worker 进程，并发 500 测试，RPS 为 688.56。
C:\Users\EDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 500 http://www.a.com/ This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 3d3b4d2d36ecdad9084894b1b5ed13e5 Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient) Completed 1000 requests Completed 2000 requests Completed 3000 requests Completed 4000 requests Completed 5000 requests Completed 6000 requests Completed 7000 requests Completed 8000 requests Completed 9000 requests Completed 10000 requests Finished 10000 requests Server Software: nginx/1.13.9 Server Hostname: www.a.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 101 bytes Concurrency Level: 500 Time taken for tests: 14.523 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 2660000 bytes HTML transferred: 1010000 bytes Requests per second: 688.56 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 726.150 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 1.452 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 178.87 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 0 30.0 0 3000 Processing: 102 707 618.4 596 3632 Waiting: 89 703 605.6 595 3629 Total: 102 707 618.9 596 3633 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 596 66% 620 75% 635 80% 645 90% 679 95% 3125 98% 3401 99% 3495 100% 3633 (longest request)
现在调整为 50 进程，100 并发测试，RPS 为 770.69。
进程的增加并没有带来并发量的提升。
C:\Users\EDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://www.a.com/ This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 3d3b4d2d36ecdad9084894b1b5ed13e5 Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient) Completed 1000 requests Completed 2000 requests Completed 3000 requests Completed 4000 requests Completed 5000 requests Completed 6000 requests Completed 7000 requests Completed 8000 requests Completed 9000 requests Completed 10000 requests Finished 10000 requests Server Software: nginx/1.13.9 Server Hostname: www.a.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 101 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 12.975 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 2660000 bytes HTML transferred: 1010000 bytes Requests per second: 770.69 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 129.754 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 1.298 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 200.20 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 1 42.4 0 3000 Processing: 10 128 499.8 56 7137 Waiting: 10 127 495.8 55 7137 Total: 11 129 503.3 56 7137 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 56 66% 72 75% 86 80% 97 90% 133 95% 179 98% 312 99% 3052 100% 7137 (longest request)
50 进程，300 并发测试，RPS 为 304.90。
对比 8 个进程时的结果，并发量降低非常明显，看来进程数过多并不能提升性能，反而会降低性能。
C:\Users\EDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 300 http://www.a.com/ This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 3d3b4d2d36ecdad9084894b1b5ed13e5 Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient) Completed 1000 requests Completed 2000 requests Completed 3000 requests Completed 4000 requests Completed 5000 requests Completed 6000 requests Completed 7000 requests Completed 8000 requests Completed 9000 requests Completed 10000 requests Finished 10000 requests Server Software: nginx/1.13.9 Server Hostname: www.a.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 101 bytes Concurrency Level: 300 Time taken for tests: 32.798 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 2660000 bytes HTML transferred: 1010000 bytes Requests per second: 304.90 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 983.942 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 3.280 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 79.20 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 3 90.0 0 3001 Processing: 25 976 1339.8 189 3694 Waiting: 23 954 1316.5 188 3691 Total: 25 979 1341.0 189 3694 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 189 66% 289 75% 3094 80% 3113 90% 3184 95% 3249 98% 3315 99% 3375 100% 3694 (longest request)
50 进程，500 并发测试，RPS 为 378.95。
C:\Users\EDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 500 http://www.a.com/ This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 3d3b4d2d36ecdad9084894b1b5ed13e5 Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient) Completed 1000 requests Completed 2000 requests Completed 3000 requests Completed 4000 requests Completed 5000 requests Completed 6000 requests Completed 7000 requests Completed 8000 requests Completed 9000 requests Completed 10000 requests Finished 10000 requests Server Software: nginx/1.13.9 Server Hostname: www.a.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 101 bytes Concurrency Level: 500 Time taken for tests: 26.389 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 2660000 bytes HTML transferred: 1010000 bytes Requests per second: 378.95 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 1319.431 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 2.639 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 98.44 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 2 79.4 0 3001 Processing: 64 1306 1434.7 341 3962 Waiting: 17 1224 1391.4 321 3959 Total: 65 1308 1435.2 342 3963 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 342 66% 3142 75% 3168 80% 3195 90% 3292 95% 3374 98% 3467 99% 3516 100% 3963 (longest request)
协程模式详细测试
首先 8 个 Worker 进程，并发 100 测试，RPS 为 834.12。
C:\Users\EDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://www.a.com/ This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 3d3b4d2d36ecdad9084894b1b5ed13e5 Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient) Completed 1000 requests Completed 2000 requests Completed 3000 requests Completed 4000 requests Completed 5000 requests Completed 6000 requests Completed 7000 requests Completed 8000 requests Completed 9000 requests Completed 10000 requests Finished 10000 requests Server Software: nginx/1.13.9 Server Hostname: www.a.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 101 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 11.989 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 2660000 bytes HTML transferred: 1010000 bytes Requests per second: 834.12 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 119.886 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 1.199 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 216.68 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 0 0.3 0 4 Processing: 84 119 9.8 122 165 Waiting: 84 119 9.8 122 164 Total: 84 119 9.8 123 165 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 123 66% 124 75% 125 80% 125 90% 126 95% 128 98% 131 99% 137 100% 165 (longest request)
然后使用 8 个 Worker 进程，并发 300 测试，RPS 为 837.50。
C:\Users\EDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 300 http://www.a.com/ This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 3d3b4d2d36ecdad9084894b1b5ed13e5 Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient) Completed 1000 requests Completed 2000 requests Completed 3000 requests Completed 4000 requests Completed 5000 requests Completed 6000 requests Completed 7000 requests Completed 8000 requests Completed 9000 requests Completed 10000 requests Finished 10000 requests Server Software: nginx/1.13.9 Server Hostname: www.a.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 101 bytes Concurrency Level: 300 Time taken for tests: 11.940 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 2660000 bytes HTML transferred: 1010000 bytes Requests per second: 837.50 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 358.207 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 1.194 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 217.55 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 1 42.4 0 3001 Processing: 86 354 1043.0 161 7172 Waiting: 86 344 1011.9 160 7172 Total: 86 355 1044.5 161 7172 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 161 66% 182 75% 199 80% 212 90% 251 95% 302 98% 6103 99% 6135 100% 7172 (longest request)
然后使用 8 个 Worker 进程，并发 500 测试，RPS 为 824.14。
C:\Users\EDZ>ab -n 10000 -c 500 http://www.a.com/ This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 3d3b4d2d36ecdad9084894b1b5ed13e5 Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking www.a.com (be patient) Completed 1000 requests Completed 2000 requests Completed 3000 requests Completed 4000 requests Completed 5000 requests Completed 6000 requests Completed 7000 requests Completed 8000 requests Completed 9000 requests Completed 10000 requests Finished 10000 requests Server Software: nginx/1.13.9 Server Hostname: www.a.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 101 bytes Concurrency Level: 500 Time taken for tests: 12.134 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 2660000 bytes HTML transferred: 1010000 bytes Requests per second: 824.14 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 606.690 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 1.213 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 214.08 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 0 0.3 0 4 Processing: 92 332 585.3 198 6931 Waiting: 91 331 585.5 196 6931 Total: 92 332 585.3 198 6931 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 198 66% 242 75% 284 80% 334 90% 587 95% 932 98% 1216 99% 2390 100% 6931 (longest request)
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