LAMP環境如何搭建？ LAMP環境搭建的詳細流程
- 不言原創
- 2018-08-07 09:45:238072瀏覽
這篇文章要跟大家介紹的內容是關於LAMP環境搭建的詳細過程，有一定的參考價值，有需要的朋友可以參考一下，希望對你有幫助。
最開始最小化安裝好CentOS 7之後，直接輸入 ifconfig 指令，提示 "ifconfig command not found"
，說明最小化安裝沒有安裝相關軟體，我們可以用 ip addr 代替 ifconfig 來查看網卡詳情，或者我們可以透過 yum install
net-tools 來安裝回 ifconfig 指令，在安裝過程中輸入兩次y，即可完成安裝。
一、Apache
yum install httpd //安裝Apache
Total download size: 3.0 M Installed size: 10 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: //输入y，确认安装
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5: Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security>" Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5 Package : centos-release-7-5.1804.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 Is this ok [y/N]: //验证GPG密钥是否正确，输入y</security>
Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64 1/5 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/5 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1.x86_64 3/5 Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1.x86_64 5/5 Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 1/5 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1.x86_64 2/5 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 3/5 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64 4/5 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1.x86_64 5/5 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1 Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 Complete!
#開啟Apache服務，並設定系統啟動時服務自動啟動：systemctl start httpd.servicesystemctl enable httpd.service
為了能夠從外部存取Web伺服器，必須在防火牆中開啟HTTP（80）和HTTPS（443）連接埠。 CentOS上的預設防火牆是firewalld，可以使用firewalld-cmd指令進行設定。 firewall-cmd --permanent --zone = public --add-service = http firewall-cmd --permanent --zone = public --add-service = https firewall-cmd --reload //重新啟動firewalld
偵測Apache服務是否開啟：systemctl status httpd.service
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2018-08-06 20:14:21 CST; 9s ago Docs: man:httpd(8) man:apachectl(8) Main PID: 1498 (httpd) Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec" CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service ├─1498 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─1499 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─1500 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─1501 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─1502 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND └─1503 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND Aug 06 20:14:21 localhost systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... Aug 06 20:14:21 localhost httpd[1498]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's f...sage Aug 06 20:14:21 localhost systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
再用瀏覽器輸入伺服器的IP位址：
#看到如圖所示介面表示安裝成功。
二、MySQL/MariaDB
MariaDB資料庫管理系統是MySQL的一個分支，主要由開源社群在維護，採用GPL授權授權。
開發這個分支的原因之一是：甲骨文公司收購了MySQL後，有將MySQL閉源的潛在風險，因此社群採用分支的方式來避免這個風險。
MariaDB的目的是完全相容於MySQL，包括API和命令列，是目前最受關注的MySQL資料庫衍生版，也被視為開源資料庫MySQL的替代品。
這裡我們用MariaDB取代MySQL，MySQL安裝及操作方法大致類似。
安裝時，把mariadb換成mysql;
啟動、停止服務、檢視狀態，把mariadb.service換成mysql.service。
yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb //安裝MariaDB
Installed: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 Dependency Installed: perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-292.el7 perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7 perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7 perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7 perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7 perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7 perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7 perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-292.el7 perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7 perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7 perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7 perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-4.el7 perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7 perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7 perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7 perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7 perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-292.el7 perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-292.el7 perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7 perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7 perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7 Complete!
開啟MariaDB服務，並設定係統啟動時服務自動啟動： systemctl start mariadb.servicesystemctl enable mariadb.service
設定MySQL root帳號的密碼：mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): //输入当前root用户密码，直接回车 OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] New password: //输入密码 Re-enter new password: //确认密码 Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] //删除匿名用户，回车 ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] //不允许root用户远程登录，回车 ... Success! By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] //删除测试数据库并访问它，回车 - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] //重新加载权限表，回车 ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB!
三、PHP
yum install php //安裝php
Total download size: 4.7 M Installed size: 17 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: //允许安装，输入y Downloading packages: (1/4): libzip-0.10.1-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 48 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): php-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.4 MB 00:00:01 (3/4): php-common-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64.rpm | 565 kB 00:00:01 (4/4): php-cli-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:02 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 2.1 MB/s | 4.7 MB 00:00:02 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : libzip-0.10.1-8.el7.x86_64 1/4 Installing : php-common-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64 2/4 Installing : php-cli-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64 3/4 Installing : php-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : php-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : php-cli-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : libzip-0.10.1-8.el7.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : php-common-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64 4/4 Installed: php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7 Dependency Installed: libzip.x86_64 0:0.10.1-8.el7 php-cli.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7 php-common.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7 Complete!
為了讓資料庫和php關聯，我們還需要安裝php- mysql：yum install php-mysql //安裝程序輸入y，即可安裝完成
systemctl restart httpd.service //安裝好php後，要重新啟動Apache服務
測試php有沒有安裝好：vi /var/www/html/index.php //新建一個php文件，填入下面的內容
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
在之前URL後面加上/info.php，看到以下介面，就表示安裝成功了。
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