PyMySQL 是一個純 Python 實作的 MySQL 用戶端操作函式庫,支援事務、預存程序、批次執行等。 PyMySQL 遵循 Python 資料庫 API v2.0 規範,並包含了 pure-Python MySQL 用戶端程式庫。
pip install PyMySQL
import pymysql connection = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', port=3306, user='root', password='root', db='demo', charset='utf8')
參數清單:
##描述 | |
---|---|
資料庫伺服器位址,預設localhost | |
使用者名,預設為目前程式運行使用者 | |
登入密碼,預設為空字串 | |
預設操作的資料庫 | |
資料庫端口,預設為3306 | |
#當客戶端有多個網路介面時,指定連接到主機的介面。參數可以是主機名稱或IP位址。 | |
unix 套接字位址,區別於host 連線 | |
#讀取資料逾時時間,單位秒,預設無限制 | |
寫入資料逾時時間,單位秒,預設無限制 | |
資料庫編碼 | |
指定預設的SQL_MODE | ##read_default_file |
conv | |
##use_unicode | |
##client_flag | Custom flags to send to MySQL. Find potential values in constants.CLIENT. |
cursorclass | 設定預設的遊標類型 |
init_command | 當連線建立完成之後執行的初始化SQL 語句 |
connect_timeout | 連線逾時時間,預設10,最小1,最大31536000 |
ssl | A dict of arguments similar to mysql_ssl_set()'s parameters. For now the capath and cipher arguments are not supported. |
#read_default_group | Group to read from in the configuration file. |
compress | Not supported |
named_pipe | Not supported |
##autocommit | 是否自動提交,預設不自動提交,參數值為None 表示以伺服器為準 |
local_infile | Boolean to enable the use of LOAD DATA LOCAL command. (default: False ) |
max_allowed_packet | 傳送給伺服器的最大資料量,預設為16MB |
defer_connect | 是否惰性連接,預設為立即連接 |
auth_plugin_map | A dict of plugin names to a class that processes that plugin. The class will take the Connection object as the argument to the constructor. The class needs an authenticate method taking an authentication packet as an argument. For the dialog plugin, a prompt(echo, prompt) method can be used (iff ental moper method ental for returning returning . ) |
server_public_key | SHA256 authenticaiton plugin public key value. (default: None) |
db | #db |
db | |
passwd | |
binary_prefix |
cursor.execute(sql, args) 执行单条 SQL
# 获取游标 cursor = connection.cursor() # 创建数据表 effect_row = cursor.execute(''' CREATE TABLE `users` ( `name` varchar(32) NOT NULL, `age` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ''') # 插入数据(元组或列表) effect_row = cursor.execute('INSERT INTO `users` (`name`, `age`) VALUES (%s, %s)', ('mary', 18)) # 插入数据(字典) info = {'name': 'fake', 'age': 15} effect_row = cursor.execute('INSERT INTO `users` (`name`, `age`) VALUES (%(name)s, %(age)s)', info) connection.commit()
executemany(sql, args) 批量执行 SQL
# 获取游标 cursor = connection.cursor() # 批量插入 effect_row = cursor.executemany( 'INSERT INTO `users` (`name`, `age`) VALUES (%s, %s) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE age=VALUES(age)', [ ('hello', 13), ('fake', 28), ]) connection.commit()
注意:INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE 等修改数据的语句需手动执行connection.commit()
完成对数据修改的提交。
cursor.lastrowid
# 执行查询 SQL cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM `users`') # 获取单条数据 cursor.fetchone() # 获取前N条数据 cursor.fetchmany(3) # 获取所有数据 cursor.fetchall()
所有的数据查询操作均基于游标,我们可以通过cursor.scroll(num, mode)
控制游标的位置。
cursor.scroll(1, mode='relative') # 相对当前位置移动 cursor.scroll(2, mode='absolute') # 相对绝对位置移动
查询时,默认返回的数据类型为元组,可以自定义设置返回类型。支持5种游标类型:
Cursor: 默认,元组类型
DictCursor: 字典类型
DictCursorMixin: 支持自定义的游标类型,需先自定义才可使用
SSCursor: 无缓冲元组类型
SSDictCursor: 无缓冲字典类型
无缓冲游标类型,适用于数据量很大,一次性返回太慢,或者服务端带宽较小时。源码注释:
Unbuffered Cursor, mainly useful for queries that return a lot of data, or for connections to remote servers over a slow network.Instead of copying every row of data into a buffer, this will fetch rows as needed. The upside of this is the client uses much less memory, and rows are returned much faster when traveling over a slow network
or if the result set is very big.There are limitations, though. The MySQL protocol doesn't support returning the total number of rows, so the only way to tell how many rows there are is to iterate over every row returned. Also, it currently isn't possible to scroll backwards, as only the current row is held in memory.
创建连接时,通过 cursorclass 参数指定类型:
connection = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', password='root', db='demo', charset='utf8', cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
也可以在创建游标时指定类型:
cursor = connection.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
开启事务
connection.begin()
提交修改
connection.commit()
回滚事务
connection.rollback()
转义特殊字符connection.escape_string(str)
参数化语句
支持传入参数进行自动转义、格式化 SQL 语句,以避免 SQL 注入等安全问题。
# 插入数据(元组或列表) effect_row = cursor.execute('INSERT INTO `users` (`name`, `age`) VALUES (%s, %s)', ('mary', 18)) # 插入数据(字典) info = {'name': 'fake', 'age': 15} effect_row = cursor.execute('INSERT INTO `users` (`name`, `age`) VALUES (%(name)s, %(age)s)', info) # 批量插入 effect_row = cursor.executemany( 'INSERT INTO `users` (`name`, `age`) VALUES (%s, %s) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE age=VALUES(age)', [ ('hello', 13), ('fake', 28), ])
Python中操作mysql的pymysql模块详解
Python之pymysql的使用
相关推荐:
以上是分享一個純 Python 實作的 MySQL 用戶端操作庫的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!