requests函式庫的基本使用

1. response.content和response.text的区别

response.content是编码后的byte类型（“str”数据类型），response.text是unicode类型。这两种方法的使用要视情况而定。注意：unicode -> str 是编码过程（encode()）; str -> unicode 是解码过程（decode()）。示例如下：

# --coding:utf-8-- #
import requests
response = requests.get("https://baidu.com/")
print response.url
print type(response.content)
with open("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\content.html", "w") as f:
    f.write(response.content)
    print "content保存成功"
print type(response.text)
with open("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\text.html", "w") as f:
    # 返回url的编码方式
    print response.encoding
    f.write(response.text.encode("ISO-8859-1"))
    print "text保存成功"

2. 发送get请求，直接调用“resquests.get" 就可以了。response的一些属性：response.text; response.content; response.url; response.encoding; response.status_code

# --coding:utf-8-- #
import requests
params = {
    "wd": "中国"
}
headers = {
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.62 Safari/537.36"
}
response = requests.get("https://baidu.com/s", params=params, headers=headers)
print response.url
with open("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\get.html", "w") as f:
    f.write(response.content)
    print "保存成功"

3. 发送post请求：传入data信息。注意get请求传入的是params信息。示例如下：

# --coding:utf-8-- #
import requests
data = {
    "first": "true",
    "pn": "1",
    "wd": "python"
}
headers = {
    "Referer": "https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python?labelWords=&fromSearch=true&suginput=",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.62 Safari/537.36"
}
response = requests.post("https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false", data=data, headers=headers)
print response.encoding
print type(response.content)
with open("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\post.html", "w") as f:
    f.write(response.content)
    print "保存成功"

4. 使用代理。在get方法中增加proxy参数即可。示例代码如下：

# --coding:utf-8-- #
import requests
proxy = {
    "http": "124.42.7.103"
}
response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/ip", proxies=proxy)
print response.content

5. requests处理cookies信息。使用requests.Session()方法即可。示例代码如下：

# --coding:utf-8-- #
import requests
url = "http://www.renren.com/PLogin.do"
# url = "http://www.renren.com/SysHome.do"
data = {"email": "账号", "password": "密码"}
headers = {
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.62 Safari/537.36"
}
session = requests.Session()
session.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)
response = session.get("http://www.renren.com/543484094/profile")
with open("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\Liwei.html", "w") as fp:
    fp.write(response.content)
    print "保存成功"

6. 处理不信任的SSL证书。与上面的代码相比，多了一个verify=False参数，为了处理SSL证书不受信用的问题。

示例代码如下：

response = session.get("http://www.renren.com/543484094/profile", verify=False)

以上就是关于requests库的基本使用。

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