PHP信號量的用法及實例

本篇主要介紹PHP訊號量的用法及實例，有興趣的朋友參考下，希望對大家有幫助。

理論基礎：

#信號量：又稱為號誌燈、旗語用來解決進程（執行緒同步的問題），類似於一把鎖，存取前取得鎖（取得不到則等待），存取後釋放鎖。
臨界資源：每次僅允許一個行程存取的資源。
臨界區：每個行程中存取臨界資源的那段程式碼叫做臨界區
程式互斥 ：兩個或以上的進程不能同時進入關於同一組共享變數的臨界區域，即一個進程正在存取臨界資源，另一個進程要想存取必須等待。
進程同步主要研究如何確定數個進程之間的執行順序和避免資料競爭的問題即，如何讓多個進程能一塊很好的協作運行

實例如下：

$key=ftok(__FILE__,'t');
/**
 * 获取一个信号量资源
 int $key [, int $max_acquire = 1 [, int $perm = 0666 [, int $auto_release = 1 ]]] 
 $max_acquire:最多可以多少个进程同时获取信号
 $perm:权限 默认 0666
 $auto_release：是否自动释放信号量
 */
$sem_id=sem_get($key);
#获取信号
sem_acquire($seg_id);
//do something 这里是一个原子性操作
//释放信号量
sem_release($seg_id);
//把次信号从系统中移除
sem_remove($sem_id);
//可能出现的问题
$fp = sem_get(fileinode(__DIR__), 100);
sem_acquire($fp);
$fp2 = sem_get(fileinode(__DIR__), 1));
sem_acquire($fp2);

Implementation of a read-write semaphore in PHP:

class rw_semaphore {
  const READ_ACCESS = 0;
  const WRITE_ACCESS = 1;  
  /**
   * @access private
   * @var resource - mutex semaphore
   */
  private $mutex;
  /**
   * @access private
   * @var resource - read/write semaphore
   */
  private $resource;
  /**
   * @access private
   * @var int
   */
  private $writers = 0;
  /**
   * @access private
   * @var int
   */
  private $readers = 0;
  /**
   * Default constructor
   * 
   * Initialize the read/write semaphore
   */
  public function __construct() {
    $mutex_key = ftok('/home/cyrus/development/php/sysvipc/rw_semaphore.php', 'm');
    $resource_key = ftok('/home/cyrus/development/php/sysvipc/rw_semaphore.php', 'r');    
    $this->mutex = sem_get($mutex_key, 1);
    $this->resource = sem_get($resource_key, 1);    
  }
  /**
   * Destructor
   * 
   * Remove the read/write semaphore
   */
  public function __destruct() {
    sem_remove($this->mutex);
    sem_remove($this->resource);
  }
  /**
   * Request acess to the resource
   * 
   * @param int $mode
   * @return void
   */
  private function request_access($access_type = self::READ_ACCESS) {  
    if ($access_type == self::WRITE_ACCESS) {
      sem_acquire($this->mutex);
      /* update the writers counter */
      $this->writers++;
      sem_release($this->mutex);      
      sem_acquire($this->resource);
    } else {      
      sem_acquire($this->mutex);      
      if ($this->writers > 0 || $this->readers == 0) {        
        sem_release($this->mutex);        
        sem_acquire($this->resource);        
        sem_acquire($this->mutex);        
      }
      /* update the readers counter */
      $this->readers++;
      sem_release($this->mutex);
    }
  }
  private function request_release($access_type = self::READ_ACCESS) {
    if ($access_type == self::WRITE_ACCESS) {
      sem_acquire($this->mutex);
      /* update the writers counter */
      $this->writers--;
      sem_release($this->mutex);
      sem_release($this->resource);
    } else {
      sem_acquire($this->mutex);
      /* update the readers counter */
      $this->readers--;
      if ($this->readers == 0)
        sem_release($this->resource);
      sem_release($this->mutex);
    }
  }
  /**
   * Request read access to the resource
   * 
   * @return void
   */
  public function read_access() { $this->request_access(self::READ_ACCESS); }
  /**
   * Release read access to the resource
   * 
   * @return void
   */
  public function read_release() { $this->request_release(self::READ_ACCESS); }
  /**
   * Request write access to the resource
   * 
   * @return void
   */
  public function write_access() { $this->request_access(self::WRITE_ACCESS); }
  /**
   * Release write access to the resource
   * 
   * @return void
   */
  public function write_release() { $this->request_release(self::WRITE_ACCESS); }
}

#共享記憶體訊號實現原子性操作

$SHM_KEY = ftok("/home/joeldg/homeymail/shmtest.php", 'R');
$shmid = sem_get($SHM_KEY, 1024, 0644 | IPC_CREAT);
$data = shm_attach($shmid, 1024);
// we now have our shm segment
// lets place a variable in there
shm_put_var ($data, $inmem, "test");
// now lets get it back. we could be in a forked process and still have
// access to this variable.
printf("shared contents: %s\n", shm_get_var($data, $inmem));
shm_detach($data);

總結：以上就是這篇文章的全部內容，希望能對大家的學習有所幫助。

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