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首頁  >  文章  >  後端開發  >  Pyspider中給爬蟲偽造隨機請求頭的實例

Pyspider中給爬蟲偽造隨機請求頭的實例

不言
不言原創
2018-05-08 14:27:061681瀏覽

這篇文章主要介紹了關於Pyspider中給爬蟲偽造隨機請求頭的實例，有著一定的參考價值，現在分享給大家，有需要的朋友可以參考一下

Pyspider 中採用了tornado函式庫來做http 請求，在請求過程中可以加入各種參數，例如請求連結逾時時間，請求傳送資料逾時時間，請求頭等等，但是根據pyspider的原始框架，給爬蟲加入參數只能透過crawl_config這個Python字典來完成(如下所示)，框架程式碼將這個字典中的參數轉換成task 數據，進行http請求。這個參數的缺點是不方便給每一次請求做隨機請求頭。 

crawl_config = {
"user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36",
"timeout": 120,
"connect_timeout": 60,
"retries": 5,
"fetch_type": 'js',
"auto_recrawl": True,
}

這裡寫出給爬蟲添加隨機請求頭的方法：

##1 、寫腳本，將腳本放置在pyspider 的libs 資料夾下，命名為header_switch.py​​

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Created on 2017-10-18 11:52:26
import random
import time
class HeadersSelector(object):
  """
  Header 中缺少几个字段 Host 和 Cookie
  """
  headers_1 = {
    "Proxy-Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36",
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
    "DNT": "1",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4",
    "Referer": "https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%BC%96%E7%A0%81&rsv_spt=1&rsv_iqid=0x9fcbc99a0000b5d7&issp=1&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=2&ie=utf-8&rqlang=cn&tn=baiduhome_pg&rsv_enter=0&oq=If-None-Match&inputT=7282&rsv_t",
    "Accept-Charset": "gb2312,gbk;q=0.7,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7",
  } # 网上找的浏览器
  headers_2 = {
    "Proxy-Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0",
    "Accept": "image/gif,image/x-xbitmap,image/jpeg,application/x-shockwave-flash,application/vnd.ms-excel,application/vnd.ms-powerpoint,application/msword,*/*",
    "DNT": "1",
    "Referer": "https://www.baidu.com/link?url=c-FMHf06-ZPhoRM4tWduhraKXhnSm_RzjXZ-ZTFnPAvZN",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4",
  } # window 7 系统浏览器
  headers_3 = {
    "Proxy-Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0",
    "Accept": "image/x-xbitmap,image/jpeg,application/x-shockwave-flash,application/vnd.ms-excel,application/vnd.ms-powerpoint,application/msword,*/*",
    "DNT": "1",
    "Referer": "https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=http%B4%20Pragma&rsf=1&rsp=4&f=1&oq=Pragma&tn=baiduhome_pg&ie=utf-8&usm=3&rsv_idx=2&rsv_pq=e9bd5e5000010",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.6",
  } # Linux 系统 firefox 浏览器
  headers_4 = {
    "Proxy-Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:55.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/55.0",
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "DNT": "1",
    "Referer": "https://www.baidu.com/link?url=c-FMHf06-ZPhoRM4tWduhraKXhnSm_RzjXZ-ZTFnP",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.6",
  } # Win10 系统 firefox 浏览器
  headers_5 = {
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64;) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36 Edge/15.15063",
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
    "Referer": "https://www.baidu.com/link?url=c-FMHf06-ZPhoRM4tWduhraKXhnSm_RzjXZ-",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.6",
    "Accept-Charset": "gb2312,gbk;q=0.7,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7",
  } # Win10 系统 Chrome 浏览器
  headers_6 = {
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "DNT": "1",
    "Referer": "https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=If-None-Match&rsv_spt=1&rsv_iqid=0x9fcbc99a0000b5d7&issp=1&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=2&ie=utf-8&rq",
    "Accept-Charset": "gb2312,gbk;q=0.7,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0",
  } # win10 系统浏览器
  def __init__(self):
    pass
  def select_header(self):
    n = random.randint(1, 6)
    switch={
    1: self.headers_1
    2: self.headers_2
    3: self.headers_3
    4: self.headers_4
    5: self.headers_5
    6: self.headers_6
    }
    headers = switch[n]
    return headers

##其中，我只寫了6個請求頭，如果爬蟲的量非常大，完全可以寫更多的請求頭，甚至上百個，然後將random的隨機範圍擴大，進行選擇。

2、在pyspider 腳本中寫如下程式碼：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
# Created on 2017-08-18 11:52:26
from pyspider.libs.base_handler import *
from pyspider.addings.headers_switch import HeadersSelector
import sys
defaultencoding = 'utf-8'
if sys.getdefaultencoding() != defaultencoding:
  reload(sys)
  sys.setdefaultencoding(defaultencoding)
class Handler(BaseHandler):
  crawl_config = {
    "user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36",
    "timeout": 120,
    "connect_timeout": 60,
    "retries": 5,
    "fetch_type": 'js',
    "auto_recrawl": True,
  }
  @every(minutes=24 * 60)
  def on_start(self):
    header_slt = HeadersSelector()
    header = header_slt.select_header() # 获取一个新的 header
    # header["X-Requested-With"] = "XMLHttpRequest"
    orig_href = 'http://sww.bjxch.gov.cn/gggs.html'
    self.crawl(orig_href,
          callback=self.index_page,
          headers=header) # 请求头必须写在 crawl 里，cookies 从 response.cookies 中找
  @config(age=24 * 60 * 60)
  def index_page(self, response):
    header_slt = HeadersSelector()
    header = header_slt.select_header() # 获取一个新的 header
    # header["X-Requested-With"] = "XMLHttpRequest"
    if response.cookies:
      header["Cookies"] = response.cookies

其中最重要的就是在每個回呼函數on_start，index_page 等等當中，每次呼叫時，都會實例化一個header 選擇器，給每個請求添加不一樣的header。要注意新增的如下程式碼：

    header_slt = HeadersSelector()
    header = header_slt.select_header() # 获取一个新的 header
    # header["X-Requested-With"] = "XMLHttpRequest"
    header["Host"] = "www.baidu.com"
    if response.cookies:
      header["Cookies"] = response.cookies

當使用XHR 發送AJAX 請求時會帶上Header，常被用來判斷是不是Ajax 請求， headers 要新增{'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'} 才能抓取到內容。

確定了 url 也確定了請求頭中的 Host，需要按需添加，urlparse套件裡給出了根據 url解析出 host的方法函數，直接呼叫netloc即可。

如果回應中有 cookie，就需要將 cookie 新增到請求頭中。

如果還有別的偽裝需求，就自行加入。

如此即可實現隨機請求頭，完畢。

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