Spring是一個開放原始碼的設計層面框架,他解決的是業務邏輯層和其他各層的鬆散耦合問題,因此它將面向介面的程式設計思想貫穿整個系統應用。 Spring是於2003 年興起的一個輕量級的Java 開發框架,由Rod Johnson創建。簡單來說,Spring是一個分層的JavaSE/EEfull-stack(一站式) 輕量級開源框架。本文主要介紹Spring之WEB模組配置詳解,簡單介紹了其繼承方式,代理方式,以及相關詳細配置代碼,具有一定借鑒價值,需要的朋友可以了解下。
Spring框架七大模組簡單介紹
Spring中MVC模組程式碼詳解
Spring的WEB模組用於整合Web框架,例如Struts1、Struts2、JSF等
整合Struts1
#繼承方式
Spring框架提供了ActionSupport類別支援Struts1的Action。繼承了ActionSupport後就能獲取Spring的BeanFactory,從而獲得各種Spring容器內的各種資源
import org.springframework.web.struts.ActionSupport; public class CatAction extends ActionSupport{ public ICatService getCarService(){ return (ICatService) getWebApplicationContext().getBean("catService"); } public ActionForward execute(ActionMappingmapping,ActionForm form,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponseresponse){ CatForm catForm = (CatForm) form; if("list".equals(catForm.getAction())){ returnthis.list(mapping,form,request,response); } } public ActionForward list(ActionMappingmapping,ActionForm form,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponseresponse){ CatForm catForm = (CatForm) form; ICatService catService =getCatService(); List<Cat> catList =catService.listCats(); request.setAttribute("carList",catList); return mapping.find("list"); } }
Spring在web.xml中的配置
<context-param><!-- Spring配置文件的位置--> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener><!-- 使用Listener加载Spring配置文件--> <listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </listener-class> </listener> <filter><!-- 使用Spring自带的字符过滤器--> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
如果與Hibernate結合使用,需要在web.xml中加入OpenSessionInViewFilter過濾器,將session範圍擴大到JSP層,防止拋出延遲載入例外
<filter> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support. OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name> hibernateFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern><!-- 对Struts 1的Action启用--> </filter-mapping>
代理方式
#繼承方式融入Spring非常簡單,但是缺點是程式碼與Spring發生了耦合,並且Action並沒有交給Spring管理,因此不能使用Spring的AOP、IoC特性,使用代理方式則可以避免這些缺陷
public class CatAction extends Action{ //此处继承的Struts 1的Action private ICatService catService; //setter、getter略 public ActionForward execute(ActionMappingmapping,ActionForm form,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponseresponse){ CatForm catForm = (CatForm) form; if("list".equals(catForm.getAction())){ returnthis.list(mapping,form,request,response); } } public ActionForward list(ActionMappingmapping,ActionForm form,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponseresponse){ CatForm catForm = (CatForm) form; ICatService catService =getCatService(); List<Cat> catList =catService.listCats(); request.setAttribute("carList",catList); return mapping.find("list"); } }
這個Action沒有與Spring發生耦合,只是定義了一個ICatService屬性,然後由Spring負責注入
struts-congfig.xml配置
<form-beans> <form-bean name="catForm" type="com.clf.spring.CatForm"> </form-beans> <action-mappings> <action name=" catForm" path="/cat" type="com.clf.spring.CatAction"> <forward name="list" path="/jsp/listCat.jsp"></forward> </action> </action-mappings> <!-- 最核心的配置,该配置把Struts的Action交给Spring代理--> <controller processorClass="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingRequestProcessor" /> <!-- controller配置生效后,Action的type属性就是去作用了,Struts不会用type属性指定的类来创建CatAction,而是到Spring配置中寻找,因此Spring中必须配置CatAction --> <!-- Spring中配置Action使用的是name属性而不是id,Spring会截获"/cat.do"的请求,将catService通过setter方法注入到CatAction中,并调用execute()方法--> <bean name="/cat" class=" com.clf.spring.CatAction"> <property name="catService" ref="catService" /> </bean>
web.xml的設定與上面的繼承方式相同
使用代理方式的Action可以配置攔截器等Spring特性,例如給CatAction配置方法前攔截器和返回後攔截器
<bean id="catBeforeInterceptor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvodor"> <property name="advice"> <bean class="com.clf.spring.MethodBeforeInterceptor" /> </property> <property name="mappedName" value="*"></property> </bean> <bean id="catAfterInterceptor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvodor"> <property name="advice"> <bean class="com.clf.spring.MethodAfterInterceptor" /> </property> <property name="mappedName" value="*"></property> </bean> <bean name="/cat" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"> <property name="interceptorNames"> <list> <value> catBeforeInterceptor</value> <value> catAfterInterceptor</value> </list> </property> <property name="target"> <bean class="com.clf.spring.CatAction"> <property name="catService" ref="catService"></property> </bean> </property> </bean>
整合Struts 2
Spring整合Struts 2需要struts2-spring-2.011.jar套件
public class CatAction{ private ICatService catService; private Cat cat; //setter、getter略 public String list(){ catService.listCats(); return "list"; } public String add(){ catService.createCat(cat); return list(); } }
struts.xml設定
除了正常的設定之外,還需要e2ee6256a76186d77aee2f05762f1a1d新增名為struts.objectFactory的常數,把值設為spring ,表示該Action由Spring產生。然後把7e799be3545522a0b5d454493d321d80的class屬性改為catAction,Struts2將會到Spring中尋找名為catAction的bean
<constant name=" struts.objectFactory" value="spring" /> <packagenamepackagename="cat" extends="struts-default"> <action name="*_cat" method="{1}" class="catAction"> <param name="action" >{1}</param> <result>/list.jsp</result> <result name="list">/list.jsp</result> </action> </package>
Spring設定
<bean id="catAction" scope="prototype" class="com.clf.spring.CatAction"> <property name="catService" ref="catService"></property> </bean>
web.xml設定
<context-param><!-- Spring配置文件的位置--> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener><!-- 使用Listener加载Spring配置文件--> <listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </listener-class> </listener> <filter> <filter-name>Struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name> Struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
以上內容就是Spring之WEB模組配置的詳解,希望能幫助大家。
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