Python中關於自動取得公網IP的實例講解

下面小編就為大家帶來一篇Python之自動取得公網IP的實例講解。小編覺得蠻不錯的，現在就分享給大家，也給大家做個參考。一起跟著小編過來看看吧

0.預備知識

0.1 SQL基礎

ubuntu、Debian系列安裝：

root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# apt-get install mysql-server

Redhat、Centos 系列安裝：

 [root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-server

登入資料庫

#

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ mysql -uroot -p -hlocalhost
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 36
Server version: 10.0.30-MariaDB-0+deb8u2 (Raspbian)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

其中，mysql是客戶端指令-u是指定使用者- p是密碼-h是主機

建立資料庫、建立資料表

建立資料庫語法如下

MariaDB [(none)]> help create database
Name: 'CREATE DATABASE'
Description:
Syntax:
CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name
 [create_specification] ...

create_specification:
 [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name
 | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name

CREATE DATABASE creates a database with the given name. To use this
statement, you need the CREATE privilege for the database. CREATE
SCHEMA is a synonym for CREATE DATABASE.

URL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/create-database/


MariaDB [(none)]>

建立資料表語法如下

MariaDB [(none)]> help create table
Name: 'CREATE TABLE'
Description:
Syntax:
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
 (create_definition,...)
 [table_options]
 [partition_options]

Or:

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
 [(create_definition,...)]
 [table_options]
 [partition_options]
 select_statement

建立資料庫ServiceLogs

#

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE `ServiceLogs`

建立資料表

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE TABLE `python_ip_logs` (
 `serial_number` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
 `old_data` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
 `new_data` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`serial_number`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

表格內容的查詢

 MariaDB [ServiceLogs]> select * from python_ip_logs;
 Empty set (0.00 sec)

#0.2 python連接操作MySQL

#模組下載安裝

下載路徑: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/MySQL-python

安裝:

安装:
解压
unzip MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip
进入解压后目录
cd MySQL-python-1.2.5/
安装依赖
apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
安装
python setup.py install
如果为0则安装OK
echo $?

連接Mysql

root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat p_mysql_3.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python

import MySQLdb

try :
  conn = MySQLdb.connect("主机","用户名","密码","ServiceLogs")
  print ("Connect Mysql successful")
except:
  print ("Connect MySQL Fail")
root@raspberrypi:~/python-script#

如果輸出Connect Mysql successful則說明連接OK

Python MySQL insert語句

root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat p_mysql1.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python

import MySQLdb

db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","root","root","ServiceLogs")

cursor = db.cursor()

sql = "insert INTO python_ip_logs VALUES (DEFAULT,'2017-09-29 22:46:00','123','456')"

cursor.execute(sql)
db.commit()

db.close()
root@raspberrypi:~/python-script#

執行完成後可以mysql客戶端SELECT語句查看結果

1.需求

##1.1 需求量

由於寬頻每次重啟都會重新獲得一個新的IP，那麼在這種狀態下，在進行ssh連接的時候會出現諸多的不便，好在之前還有花生殼軟體，它能夠透過網域名稱來找到你的IP位址，進行訪問，這樣是最好的，不過最近花生殼也要進行實名認證才能夠使用，於是乎，這就催發了我寫一個python腳本來獲取公網IP的衝動。

實現效果:當IP變更時，能夠透過郵件進行通知，且在資料庫中寫入資料

1.2 大致想法

1.3 流程圖

其他程式碼都沒有什麼好畫的

#2.程式碼寫

2.1.1 寫python程式碼

#getnetworkip.py

root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat getnetworkip.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:UTF-8

import requests
import send_mail
import savedb

def get_out_ip() :
  url = r'http://www.trackip.net/'
  r = requests.get(url)
  txt = r.text
  ip = txt[txt.find('title')+6:txt.find('/title')-1]
  return (ip)

def main() :
  try:
    savedb.general_files()

    tip = get_out_ip()
    cip = savedb.read_files()


    if savedb.write_files(cip,tip) :
      send_mail.SamMail(get_out_ip())
  except :
    return False

if __name__=="__main__" :
  main()
root@raspberrypi:~/python-script#

savedb .py

root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat savedb.py
#!/usr/bin/env python

import MySQLdb
import os
import time

dirname = "logs"
filename = "logs/.ip_tmp"

def general_files(Default_String="Null") :

  var1 = Default_String

  if not os.path.exists(dirname) :
    os.makedirs(dirname)

  if not os.path.exists(filename) :
    f = open(filename,'w')
    f.write(var1)
    f.close()

def read_files() :
  f = open(filename,'r')
  txt = f.readline()
  return (txt)

def write_files(txt,new_ip) :
  if not txt == new_ip :
    NowTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
    old_ip = read_files()
    os.remove(filename)
    general_files(new_ip)
    write_db(NowTime,old_ip,new_ip)
    return True
  else:
    return False


def write_db(NowTime,Old_ip,New_ip) :
  db = MySQLdb.connect("主机","用户名","密码","库名")

  cursor = db.cursor()

  sql = """
    INSERT INTO python_ip_logs 
    VALUES
    (DEFAULT,"%s","%s","%s")
  """ %(NowTime,Old_ip,New_ip)

  try:
    cursor.execute(sql)
    db.commit()
  except:
    db.rollback()

  db.close()
root@raspberrypi:~/python-script#

send_mail.py

#

root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat send_mail.py
#!/usr/bin/env python

import smtplib
import email.mime.text

def SamMail(HtmlString) :
 HOST = "smtp.163.com"
 SUBJECT = "主题"
 TO = "对方的邮箱地址"
 FROM = "来自于哪里"
 Remask = "The IP address has been changed"

 msg = email.mime.text.MIMEText("""
  <html>
    <head>
      <meta charset="utf-8" />
    </head>
    <body>
      <em><h1>ip:%s</h1></em>
    </body>
  </html>
  """ %(HtmlString),"html","utf-8")

 msg[&#39;Subject&#39;] = SUBJECT
 msg[&#39;From&#39;] = FROM
 msg[&#39;TO&#39;] = TO

 try:
  server = smtplib.SMTP()
  server.connect(HOST,&#39;25&#39;)
  server.starttls()
  server.login("用户名","密码")
  server.sendmail(FROM,TO,msg.as_string())
  server.quit()
 except:
  print ("Send mail Error")
root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# 
 print ("%s" %(line),end=&#39;&#39;)

3.效果

收到的郵件如下:

利用SELECT查看表格,效果如下:

把腳本放入crontab中，讓它執行定時任務即可

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