ActiveMQ是個好東東,不必多說。 ActiveMQ提供多種語言支持,如Java, C, C++, C#, Ruby, Perl, Python, PHP等。由於我在windows下開發GUI,比較關心C++和C#,其中C#的ActiveMQ很簡單,Apache提供NMS(.Net Messaging Service)支援.Net開發,只需如下幾個步驟即能建立簡單的實作。 C++的應用相對麻煩些,稍後再寫文章介紹。
1、去ActiveMQ官方網站下載最新版的ActiveMQ,我之前下的是5.3.1,5.3.2現在也已經出來了。
2、去ActiveMQ官方網站下載最新版的Apache.NMS,需要下載Apache.NMS和Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ兩個bin包,如果對原始碼有興趣,也可下載src包。這裡要提醒一下,如果下載1.2.0版本的NMS.ActiveMQ,Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.dll在實際使用中有個bug,即停止ActiveMQ應用時會拋WaitOne函數異常,查看src包中的源碼發現是由於Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ-1.2.0-src\src\main\csharp\Transport\InactivityMonitor.cs中的如下程式碼造成的,修改一下原始碼重新編譯即可。看了一下最新版1.3.0已經修復了這個bug,所以下載最新版即可。
private void StopMonitorThreads() { lock(monitor) { if(monitorStarted.CompareAndSet(true, false)) { AutoResetEvent shutdownEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); // Attempt to wait for the Timers to shutdown, but don't wait // forever, if they don't shutdown after two seconds, just quit. this.readCheckTimer.Dispose(shutdownEvent); shutdownEvent.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000)); this.writeCheckTimer.Dispose(shutdownEvent); shutdownEvent.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000)); //WaitOne的定义:public virtual bool WaitOne(TimeSpan timeout,bool exitContext) this.asyncTasks.Shutdown(); this.asyncTasks = null; this.asyncWriteTask = null; this.asyncErrorTask = null; } } } private void StopMonitorThreads() { lock(monitor) { if(monitorStarted.CompareAndSet(true, false)) { AutoResetEvent shutdownEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); // Attempt to wait for the Timers to shutdown, but don't wait // forever, if they don't shutdown after two seconds, just quit. this.readCheckTimer.Dispose(shutdownEvent); shutdownEvent.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000)); this.writeCheckTimer.Dispose(shutdownEvent); shutdownEvent.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000)); //WaitOne的定义:public virtual bool WaitOne(TimeSpan timeout,bool exitContext) this.asyncTasks.Shutdown(); this.asyncTasks = null; this.asyncWriteTask = null; this.asyncErrorTask = null; } } }
3、運行ActiveMQ,找到ActiveMQ解壓縮後的bin資料夾:...\apache-activemq-5.3.1\bin,執行activemq.bat批次檔即可啟動ActiveMQ伺服器,預設端口為61616,這可在設定檔中修改。
4、寫C#程式實作ActiveMQ的簡單應用。新建C#工程(一個Producter專案和一個Consumer專案),WinForm或Console程式皆可,這裡建的是Console工程,新增對Apache.NMS.dll和Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.dll的引用,然後即可編寫實作程式碼了,簡單的Producer和Consumer實作程式碼如下:
producer:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using Apache.NMS; using Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ; using System.IO; using System.Xml.Serialization; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary; namespace Publish { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { try { //Create the Connection Factory IConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616/"); using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection()) { //Create the Session using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession()) { //Create the Producer for the topic/queue IMessageProducer prod = session.CreateProducer( new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQTopic("testing")); //Send Messages int i = 0; while (!Console.KeyAvailable) { ITextMessage msg = prod.CreateTextMessage(); msg.Text = i.ToString(); Console.WriteLine("Sending: " + i.ToString()); prod.Send(msg, Apache.NMS.MsgDeliveryMode.NonPersistent, Apache.NMS.MsgPriority.Normal, TimeSpan.MinValue); System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000); i++; } } } Console.ReadLine(); } catch (System.Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("{0}",e.Message); Console.ReadLine(); } } } }
consumer:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using Apache.NMS; using Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ; using System.IO; using System.Xml.Serialization; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary; namespace Subscribe { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { try { //Create the Connection factory IConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616/"); //Create the connection using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection()) { connection.ClientId = "testing listener"; connection.Start(); //Create the Session using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession()) { //Create the Consumer IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateDurableConsumer(new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQTopic("testing"), "testing listener", null, false); consumer.Listener += new MessageListener(consumer_Listener); Console.ReadLine(); } connection.Stop(); connection.Close(); } } catch (System.Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } } static void consumer_Listener(IMessage message) { try { ITextMessage msg = (ITextMessage)message; Console.WriteLine("Receive: " + msg.Text); } catch (System.Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } } } }
程式實作的功能:生產者producer建立一個名為testing的主題,並每隔5秒向該主題發送訊息,消費者consumer訂閱了testing主題,因此只要生產者發送testing主題的訊息到ActiveMQ伺服器,伺服器就將該訊息發送給訂閱了testing主題的消費者。
編譯產生producer.exe和consumer.exe,並執行兩個exe,即可看到訊息的傳送與接收了。
這個範例是建造的主題(Topic),ActiveMQ還支援另一種方式:Queue,也就是P2P,兩者有什麼差別呢?差別在於,Topic是廣播,也就是如果某個Topic被多個消費者訂閱,那麼只要有訊息到達伺服器,伺服器就將該訊息發給全部的消費者;而Queue是點到點,也就是一個訊息只能發給一個消費者,如果某個Queue被多個消費者訂閱,沒有特殊情況的話消息會一個一個地輪流發給不同的消費者,比如:
msg1-->consumer A
msg2-->consumer B
msg3-->consumer C
msg4-->consumer A
msg5-->consumer B
##msg4-->consumer A##msg5-->consumer B
msg6-->consumer C
特殊情況是指:ActiveMQ支援過濾機制,即生產者可以設定訊息的屬性(Properties),該屬性與消費者端的Selector對應,只有消費者設定的selector與訊息的Properties匹配,訊息才會發給該消費者。 Topic和Queue都支援Selector。
Properties和Selector該如何設定?請看如下程式碼:
producer:
public void SetProperties() { ITextMessage msg = prod.CreateTextMessage(); msg.Text = i.ToString(); msg.Properties.SetString("myFilter", "test1"); Console.WriteLine("Sending: " + i.ToString()); prod.Send(msg, Apache.NMS.MsgDeliveryMode.NonPersistent, Apache.NMS.MsgPriority.Normal, TimeSpan.MinValue); ITextMessage msg = prod.CreateTextMessage(); msg.Text = i.ToString(); msg.Properties.SetString("myFilter", "test1"); Console.WriteLine("Sending: " + i.ToString()); prod.Send(msg, Apache.NMS.MsgDeliveryMode.NonPersistent, Apache.NMS.MsgPriority.Normal, TimeSpan.MinValue); }###consumer:###
public void SetSelector() { //生成consumer时通过参数设置Selector IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateConsumer(new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQQueue("testing"), "myFilter='test1'"); //生成consumer时通过参数设置Selector IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateConsumer(new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQQueue("testing"), "myFilter='test1'"); }
以上是C#中關於ActiveMQ的應用詳解的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!