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C#中關於ActiveMQ的應用詳解

黄舟
黄舟原創
2017-09-21 11:32:252916瀏覽

ActiveMQ是個好東東,不必多說。 ActiveMQ提供多種語言支持,如Java, C, C++, C#, Ruby, Perl, Python, PHP等。由於我在windows下開發GUI,比較關心C++和C#,其中C#的ActiveMQ很簡單,Apache提供NMS(.Net Messaging Service)支援.Net開發,只需如下幾個步驟即能建立簡單的實作。 C++的應用相對麻煩些,稍後再寫文章介紹。

1、去ActiveMQ官方網站下載最新版的ActiveMQ,我之前下的是5.3.1,5.3.2現在也已經出來了。

2、去ActiveMQ官方網站下載最新版的Apache.NMS,需要下載Apache.NMS和Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ兩個bin包,如果對原始碼有興趣,也可下載src包。這裡要提醒一下,如果下載1.2.0版本的NMS.ActiveMQ,Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.dll在實際使用中有個bug,即停止ActiveMQ應用時會拋WaitOne函數異常,查看src包中的源碼發現是由於Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ-1.2.0-src\src\main\csharp\Transport\InactivityMonitor.cs中的如下程式碼造成的,修改一下原始碼重新編譯即可。看了一下最新版1.3.0已經修復了這個bug,所以下載最新版即可。

private void StopMonitorThreads()   
        {   
            lock(monitor)   
            {   
                if(monitorStarted.CompareAndSet(true, false))   
                {   
                    AutoResetEvent shutdownEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);   
                    // Attempt to wait for the Timers to shutdown, but don't wait   
                    // forever, if they don't shutdown after two seconds, just quit.   
                    this.readCheckTimer.Dispose(shutdownEvent);   
                    shutdownEvent.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000));   
                    this.writeCheckTimer.Dispose(shutdownEvent);   
                    shutdownEvent.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000));   
                                                    //WaitOne的定义:public virtual bool WaitOne(TimeSpan timeout,bool exitContext)   
                    this.asyncTasks.Shutdown();   
                    this.asyncTasks = null;   
                    this.asyncWriteTask = null;   
                    this.asyncErrorTask = null;   
                }   
            }   
        }  
     private void StopMonitorThreads() 
        { 
            lock(monitor) 
            { 
                if(monitorStarted.CompareAndSet(true, false)) 
                { 
                    AutoResetEvent shutdownEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);

                    // Attempt to wait for the Timers to shutdown, but don't wait 
                    // forever, if they don't shutdown after two seconds, just quit. 
                    this.readCheckTimer.Dispose(shutdownEvent); 
                    shutdownEvent.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000)); 
                    this.writeCheckTimer.Dispose(shutdownEvent); 
                    shutdownEvent.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000)); 
                                                    //WaitOne的定义:public virtual bool WaitOne(TimeSpan timeout,bool exitContext) 
                    this.asyncTasks.Shutdown(); 
                    this.asyncTasks = null; 
                    this.asyncWriteTask = null; 
                    this.asyncErrorTask = null; 
                } 
            } 
        }

3、運行ActiveMQ,找到ActiveMQ解壓縮後的bin資料夾:...\apache-activemq-5.3.1\bin,執行activemq.bat批次檔即可啟動ActiveMQ伺服器,預設端口為61616,這可在設定檔中修改。

4、寫C#程式實作ActiveMQ的簡單應用。新建C#工程(一個Producter專案和一個Consumer專案),WinForm或Console程式皆可,這裡建的是Console工程,新增對Apache.NMS.dll和Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.dll的引用,然後即可編寫實作程式碼了,簡單的Producer和Consumer實作程式碼如下:

producer:

using System;   
using System.Collections.Generic;   
using System.Text;   
using Apache.NMS;   
using Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ;   
using System.IO;   
using System.Xml.Serialization;   
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;   
namespace Publish   
{   
    class Program   
    {   
        static void Main(string[] args)   
        {   
            try  
            {   
                //Create the Connection Factory   
                IConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616/");   
                using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())   
                {   
                    //Create the Session   
                    using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession())   
                    {   
                        //Create the Producer for the topic/queue   
                        IMessageProducer prod = session.CreateProducer(   
                            new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQTopic("testing"));   
                        //Send Messages   
                        int i = 0;   
                        while (!Console.KeyAvailable)   
                        {   
                            ITextMessage msg = prod.CreateTextMessage();   
                            msg.Text = i.ToString();   
                            Console.WriteLine("Sending: " + i.ToString());   
                            prod.Send(msg, Apache.NMS.MsgDeliveryMode.NonPersistent, Apache.NMS.MsgPriority.Normal, TimeSpan.MinValue);   
                            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);   
                            i++;   
                        }   
                    }   
                }   
                Console.ReadLine();   
           }   
            catch (System.Exception e)   
            {   
                Console.WriteLine("{0}",e.Message);   
                Console.ReadLine();   
            }   
        }   
    }   
}

consumer:

using System;   
using System.Collections.Generic;   
using System.Text;   
using Apache.NMS;   
using Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ;   
using System.IO;   
using System.Xml.Serialization;   
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;   
namespace Subscribe   
{   
    class Program   
    {   
        static void Main(string[] args)   
        {   
            try  
            {   
                //Create the Connection factory   
                IConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616/");   
                //Create the connection   
                using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())   
                {   
                    connection.ClientId = "testing listener";   
                    connection.Start();   
                    //Create the Session   
                    using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession())   
                    {   
                        //Create the Consumer   
                        IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateDurableConsumer(new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQTopic("testing"), "testing listener", null, false);   
                        consumer.Listener += new MessageListener(consumer_Listener);   
                        Console.ReadLine();   
                    }   
                    connection.Stop();   
                    connection.Close();   
                }   
            }   
            catch (System.Exception e)   
            {   
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);   
            }   
        }   
        static void consumer_Listener(IMessage message)   
        {   
            try  
            {   
                ITextMessage msg = (ITextMessage)message;   
                Console.WriteLine("Receive: " + msg.Text);   
           }   
            catch (System.Exception e)   
            {   
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);   
            }   
        }   
    }   
}

程式實作的功能:生產者producer建立一個名為testing的主題,並每隔5秒向該主題發送訊息,消費者consumer訂閱了testing主題,因此只要生產者發送testing主題的訊息到ActiveMQ伺服器,伺服器就將該訊息發送給訂閱了testing主題的消費者。

編譯產生producer.exe和consumer.exe,並執行兩個exe,即可​​看到訊息的傳送與接收了。

這個範例是建造的主題(Topic),ActiveMQ還支援另一種方式:Queue,也就是P2P,兩者有什麼差別呢?差別在於,Topic是廣播,也就是如果某個Topic被多個消費者訂閱,那麼只要有訊息到達伺服器,伺服器就將該訊息發給全部的消費者;而Queue是點到點,也就是一個訊息只能發給一個消費者,如果某個Queue被多個消費者訂閱,沒有特殊情況的話消息會一個一個地輪流發給不同的消費者,比如:

msg1-->consumer A

msg2-->consumer B

msg3-->consumer C

msg4-->consumer A

msg5-->consumer B

##msg4-->consumer A

##msg5-->consumer B

msg6-->consumer C

特殊情況是指:ActiveMQ支援過濾機制,即生產者可以設定訊息的屬性(Properties),該屬性與消費者端的Selector對應,只有消費者設定的selector與訊息的Properties匹配,訊息才會發給該消費者。 Topic和Queue都支援Selector。

Properties和Selector該如何設定?請看如下程式碼:

producer:

public void SetProperties()
{
ITextMessage msg = prod.CreateTextMessage();   
                            msg.Text = i.ToString();   
                            msg.Properties.SetString("myFilter", "test1");   
                            Console.WriteLine("Sending: " + i.ToString());   
                            prod.Send(msg, Apache.NMS.MsgDeliveryMode.NonPersistent, Apache.NMS.MsgPriority.Normal, TimeSpan.MinValue);  
ITextMessage msg = prod.CreateTextMessage(); 
                            msg.Text = i.ToString(); 
                            msg.Properties.SetString("myFilter", "test1"); 
                            Console.WriteLine("Sending: " + i.ToString()); 
                            prod.Send(msg, Apache.NMS.MsgDeliveryMode.NonPersistent, Apache.NMS.MsgPriority.Normal, TimeSpan.MinValue);

}
###consumer:###
public void SetSelector()
{
//生成consumer时通过参数设置Selector   
IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateConsumer(new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQQueue("testing"), "myFilter='test1'");  
//生成consumer时通过参数设置Selector 
IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateConsumer(new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQQueue("testing"), "myFilter='test1'");
}

以上是C#中關於ActiveMQ的應用詳解的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!

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