在很多場景下,我們不需要使用JdbcTemplate直接操作SQL語句,這時候可以用ORM工具來節省數大量的程式碼和開發時間。 ORM工具能夠把注意力從容易出錯的SQL程式碼轉向如何實現應用程式的真正需求。
Spring對ORM框架的支援提供了與這些框架的整合點以及一些附加的服務:
支援整合Spring聲明式交易;
透明的異常處理;
線程安全的、輕量級的模板類別;
DAO支援類;
資源管理。
Hibernate是在開發者社群很流行的開源ORM框架。
mysql新資料庫store,然後執行如下sql:
1 create table Category (2 Id int not null,3 Name varchar(80) null,4 constraint pk_category primary key (Id)5 );6 7 INSERT INTO category(id,Name) VALUES (1,'女装');8 INSERT INTO category(id,Name) VALUES (2,'美妆');9 INSERT INTO category(id,Name) VALUES (3,'书籍');
我用的IDE是IdeaIU,透過maven建置項目,透過xml配置spring。完成後的程式碼結構為:
class Category{ private int cateId; private String cateName; //次数省略get,set方法 @Override public String toString() { return "id="+cateId+" name="+cateName; } }
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>4.3.5.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.30</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx "> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/store"></property> <property name="username" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="root"></property> </bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml"/> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven/> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean> <bean id="categoryDao" class="CategoryDao"> <constructor-arg ref="sessionFactory"></constructor-arg> </bean> </beans>
dataSource也沒什麼特別的,就沒什麼特別的,就不在解釋了。請看其他幾點:
①hibernate sessionFactory:
使用Hibernate所需的主要介面是org.hibernate.Session,Session介面提供了CRUD等最基本的資料存取功能。透過Hibernate的Session接口,應用程式的Repository能夠滿足所有的持久化需求。而取得Hibernate Session物件的標準方式是藉助於Hibernate SessionFactory介面的實作類別。
在sessionFactory配置主要設定了兩個屬性:dataSource設定了資料連接,configLocation設定了hibernate設定檔的路徑。
②事務
要是資料庫操作支援事務,需要設定
①hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <mapping resource="hibernate/Category.hbm.xml"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
#②Category.hbm.xml
# #
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="Category" table="Category"> <id name="cateId" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="cateName" column="name"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
7.資料存取實作類別CategoryDao
public class CategoryDao { private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public CategoryDao(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } private Session currentSession() { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); } @Transactional public void save(Category category) { currentSession().save(category); } @Transactional public void update(Category category){ currentSession().update(category); } @Transactional public void delete(int id) { Query query = currentSession().createSQLQuery("DELETE FROM category WHERE Id=::ID"); query.setInteger("::ID", id); query.executeUpdate(); } @Transactional public int count() { return getAll().size(); } @Transactional public Category getById(int id) { Criteria criteria=currentSession().createCriteria(Category.class); criteria.add(Restrictions.eq("id",id)); return (Category) criteria.uniqueResult(); } @Transactional public List<Category> getAll() { return currentSession().createCriteria(Category.class).list(); } }
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml") @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) public class testCategoryDao { @Autowired private CategoryDao categoryDao; @Test public void testAdd() { Category category = new Category(); category.setCateId(4); category.setCateName("母婴"); categoryDao.save(category); } @Test public void testUpdate() { Category category = new Category(); category.setCateId(4); category.setCateName("男装"); categoryDao.update(category); } @Test public void testGetById() { int id = 4; Category category = categoryDao.getById(id); if(category==null){ System.out.println("not exist"); }else { System.out.println(category.toString()); } } @Test public void testGetAll() { List<Category> categories = categoryDao.getAll(); for (Category item : categories) { System.out.println(item); } } @Test public void testCount() { int count = categoryDao.count(); System.out.println(count); } @Test public void testDelete() { int id = 4; categoryDao.delete(id); } }###
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