Linux中關於dd指令的使用實例教程

dd指令以指定大小的區塊拷貝一個文件，並在拷貝的同時進行指定的轉換。以下這篇文章主要為大家介紹了關於Linux中dd指令使用的相關資料，對大家具有一定的參考學習價值，需要的朋友們下面來一起看看吧。

本文主要介紹了Linux中dd指令使用的相關內容，分享出來供大家參考學習，以下來看看詳細的介紹：

一、Linux dd指令以指定大小的區塊拷貝一個文件，並在拷貝的同時進行指定的轉換。

使用方法：dd [OPERAND]

#參數註解：

 bs=BYTES  read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=)
 cbs=BYTES  convert BYTES bytes at a time
 conv=CONVS  convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
 count=N   copy only N input blocks
 ibs=BYTES  read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
 if=FILE   read from FILE instead of stdin(默认为标准输入)
 iflag=FLAGS  read as per the comma separated symbol list
 obs=BYTES  write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
 of=FILE   write to FILE instead of stdout(默认为标准输出)
 oflag=FLAGS  write as per the comma separated symbol list
 seek=BLOCKS  skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output
 skip=BLOCKS  skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input
 status=WHICH WHICH info to suppress outputting to stderr;
     'noxfer' suppresses transfer stats, 'none' suppresses all

CONVS的可選參數

 ascii  from EBCDIC to ASCII
 ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
 ibm  from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
 block  pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
 unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
 lcase  change upper case to lower case
 nocreat do not create the output file
 excl  fail if the output file already exists
 notrunc do not truncate the output file
 ucase  change lower case to upper case
 sparse try to seek rather than write the output for NUL input blocks
 swab  swap every pair of input bytes
 noerror continue after read errors
 sync  pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
   with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
 fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing
 fsync  likewise, but also write metadata

FLAGS的可選參數

 append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
 direct use direct I/O for data
 directory fail unless a directory
 dsync  use synchronized I/O for data
 sync  likewise, but also for metadata
 fullblock accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
 nonblock use non-blocking I/O
 noatime do not update access time
 noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
 nofollow do not follow symlinks
 count_bytes treat 'count=N' as a byte count (iflag only)

注意： 指定數字的地方若以下列字元結尾，則乘以對應的數字：

c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M

GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y

#二、使用實例

1、將本機的/dev/hdb整盤備份到/dev/hdd

dd if=/dev/hdb of=/dev/hdd

2、將/dev/hdb全碟資料備份到指定路徑的image檔

dd if=/dev/hdb of=/root/image

3、備份/dev/hdb全碟數據，並利用gzip工具進行壓縮，儲存到指定路徑

dd if=/dev/hdb | gzip > /root/image.gz

#4、把一個檔案拆分為3個檔案

#文件大小为2.3k
[Oracle@rhel6 ~]$ ll db1_db_links.sql 
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2344 Nov 21 10:39 db1_db_links.sql
#把这个文件拆成每个文件1k，bs=1k，count=1，使用skip参数指定在输入文件中跳过多少个bs支读取
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd if=db1_db_links.sql of=dd01.sql bs=1k count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 4.5536e-05 s, 22.5 MB/s
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd if=db1_db_links.sql of=dd02.sql bs=1k count=1 skip=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000146387 s, 7.0 MB/s
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd if=db1_db_links.sql of=dd03.sql bs=1k count=1 skip=2
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
296 bytes (296 B) copied, 0.000204216 s, 1.4 MB/s
#拆分出的文件
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ ll dd*sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1024 May 20 14:58 dd01.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1024 May 20 14:58 dd02.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 296 May 20 14:58 dd03.sql

5、把拆分出的檔案合併為1個

#合并操作，此时用到seek参数，用于指定在输入文件中跳过的bs数
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd of=1.sql if=dd01.sql 
2+0 records in
2+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000176 s, 5.8 MB/s
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd of=1.sql if=dd02.sql bs=1k seek=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000124038 s, 8.3 MB/s
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd of=1.sql if=dd03.sql bs=1k seek=2
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
296 bytes (296 B) copied, 0.00203881 s, 145 kB/s
#与拆分前的文件进行校验
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ diff 1.sql db1_db_links.sql
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$

6.在輸出檔中指定的位置插入資料，而不截斷輸出檔

#需要使用conv=notrunc參數

[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd if=2.sql of=1.sql bs=1k seek=1 count=2 conv=notrunc

總結

#

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