在.net core 下如何進行http請求？
- 零下一度原創
- 2017-05-26 13:36:218853瀏覽
本篇文章主要介紹了詳解c# .net core 下的網路請求，大致介紹下在.net core 下如何進行http請求，主要仍然是GET和POST方法，有興趣的可以了解下
本篇文章是在VS2017的環境下，.net core 1.1版本以上。
在這段期間，由於.net core 並非基於IIS，我們的過去的網路請求代碼在.net core框架下，有可能會出現不相容，報錯的現象。這裡大致介紹下在.net core 下如何進行http請求，主要仍然是GET和POST方法，有錯誤的地方，歡迎指正！
先來說POST,POST我實現了三種方法，前兩種基於的原理是完全一致的，後面的有些小小的差異，但他們的本質都是http請求，本質上是無差別的，只是實作方法有所不同。
廢話不多說，上程式碼：
##POST非同步方法：
/// <summary>
/// 异步请求post（键值对形式,可等待的）
/// </summary>
/// <param name="uri">网络基址("http://localhost:59315")</param>
/// <param name="url">网络的地址("/api/UMeng")</param>
/// <param name="formData">键值对List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();formData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("userid", "29122"));formData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("umengids", "29122"));</param>
/// <param name="charset">编码格式</param>
/// <param name="mediaType">头媒体类型</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public async Task<string> HttpPostAsync(string uri, string url, List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = null, string charset = "UTF-8", string mediaType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
{
string tokenUri = url;
var client = new HttpClient();
client.BaseAddress = new Uri(uri);
HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue(mediaType);
content.Headers.ContentType.CharSet = charset;
for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
{
content.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
}
HttpResponseMessage resp = await client.PostAsync(tokenUri, content);
resp.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
string token = await resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
return token;
}
POST同步方法：
/// <summary>
/// 同步请求post（键值对形式）
/// </summary>
/// <param name="uri">网络基址("http://localhost:59315")</param>
/// <param name="url">网络的地址("/api/UMeng")</param>
/// <param name="formData">键值对List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();formData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("userid", "29122"));formData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("umengids", "29122"));</param>
/// <param name="charset">编码格式</param>
/// <param name="mediaType">头媒体类型</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string HttpPost(string uri, string url, List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = null, string charset = "UTF-8", string mediaType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
{
string tokenUri = url;
var client = new HttpClient();
client.BaseAddress = new Uri(uri);
HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue(mediaType);
content.Headers.ContentType.CharSet = charset;
for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
{
content.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
}
var res = client.PostAsync(tokenUri, content);
res.Wait();
HttpResponseMessage resp = res.Result;
var res2 = resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
res2.Wait();
string token = res2.Result;
return token;
}遺憾的是，同步方法也是基於非同步實現的，個人認為這樣做會加大系統開銷。如果各位有其他的高效實現，請不吝賜教！ 接下來是透過串流的方式進行POST：public string Post(string url, string data, Encoding encoding, int type)
{
try
{
HttpWebRequest req = WebRequest.CreateHttp(new Uri(url));
if (type == 1)
{
req.ContentType = "application/json;charset=utf-8";
}
else if (type == 2)
{
req.ContentType = "application/xml;charset=utf-8";
}
else
{
req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8";
}
req.Method = "POST";
//req.Accept = "text/xml,text/javascript";
req.ContinueTimeout = 60000;
byte[] postData = encoding.GetBytes(data);
Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStreamAsync().Result;
reqStream.Write(postData, 0, postData.Length);
reqStream.Dispose();
var rsp = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponseAsync().Result;
var result = GetResponseAsString(rsp, encoding);
return result;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw;
}
}private string GetResponseAsString(HttpWebResponse rsp, Encoding encoding)
{
Stream stream = null;
StreamReader reader = null;
try
{
// 以字符流的方式读取HTTP响应
stream = rsp.GetResponseStream();
reader = new StreamReader(stream, encoding);
return reader.ReadToEnd();
}
finally
{
// 释放资源
if (reader != null) reader.Dispose();
if (stream != null) stream.Dispose();
if (rsp != null) rsp.Dispose();
}
}這種方式的POST還是將資料寫入到流裡面，進行POST,之所以寫前兩個key-value的形式，是為了符合java或oc的風格，在c#書寫的webapi中，由於接收形式是{=value}而不是{key=value}(由webapi的性質決定)，後續我會說如何在webapi中接收（key-value）的形式，適當避免.net後台人員與android和ios的矛盾，從而達到社會主義民主社會的長治久安。
接下來是get，同樣同步非同步都是由非同步實現的，還請各位看官輕噴。GET：
/// <summary>
/// 异步请求get(UTF-8)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">链接地址</param>
/// <param name="formData">写在header中的内容</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static async Task<string> HttpGetAsync(string url, List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = null)
{
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
if (formData != null)
{
content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
content.Headers.ContentType.CharSet = "UTF-8";
for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
{
content.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
}
}
var request = new HttpRequestMessage()
{
RequestUri = new Uri(url),
Method = HttpMethod.Get,
};
for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
{
request.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
}
var resp = await httpClient.SendAsync(request);
resp.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
string token = await resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
return token;
} /// <summary>
/// 同步get请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">链接地址</param>
/// <param name="formData">写在header中的键值对</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string HttpGet(string url, List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = null)
{
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
if (formData != null)
{
content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
content.Headers.ContentType.CharSet = "UTF-8";
for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
{
content.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
}
}
var request = new HttpRequestMessage()
{
RequestUri = new Uri(url),
Method = HttpMethod.Get,
};
for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
{
request.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
}
var res = httpClient.SendAsync(request);
res.Wait();
var resp = res.Result;
Task<string> temp = resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
temp.Wait();
return temp.Result;
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