這篇文章主要為大家詳細介紹了php微信開發之自訂選單完整流程,具有一定的參考價值,有興趣的小夥伴們可以參考一下
#一、自訂選單概述
自訂選單能夠幫助公眾號豐富介面,讓使用者更能更快地理解公眾號的功能。開啟自訂選單後,公眾號介面如圖所示:
#二、申請自訂選單
個人訂閱號使用微博認證、企業訂閱號碼通過微信認證;可以申請到自訂選單資格
服務號碼預設有選單權限。
三、取得AppId 和AppSecert
AppId和AppSecret在開發者中心-開發者ID中,可以找到。
四、取得Access Token
#用appid和appsecert取得access token,介面#為
api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bi ... mp;secret=APPSECRET
程式實作如下
$appid = ""; $appsecret = ""; $url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=$appid&secret=$appsecret"; $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, FALSE); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); $output = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); $jsoninfo = json_decode($output, true); $access_token = $jsoninfo["access_token"];
你也可以直接在瀏覽器位址欄中,拼接出位址,執行後,取得下列資料
程式碼如下:
{"access_token":"N2L7KXa084WvelONYjkJ_traBMCCvy_UKmpUUzlrQ0EA2yNp3Iz6eSUrRG0bhaR_viswd50vDuPkY5nG43d1gbm-olT2KRMxOsVE08RfeD9lvK9lMguNG9kpIkKGZEjIf8Jv2m9fFhf8bnNa-yQH3g",
程式碼如下:
"expires_in":7200}
參數說明如下
其中的
N2L7KXa084WvelONYjkJ_traBMCCvy_UKmpUUzlrQ0EA2yNp3Iz6eSUrRG0bhaR_viswd50vDuPkY5nG43d1gbm-olT2KRMxOs90vDuPkY5nG43d1gbm-olT2KRMxOs908KFFyGFmFyjRpRpMR 8bnNa-yQH3g
就是access token。
或使用官方的介面調試工具,地址為:
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/apiinfo?t=index&type= %E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E8%8F%9C%E5%8D%95&form=%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89% E8%8F%9C%E5%8D%95%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%20/menu/create
#使用網頁偵錯工具調試自訂選單介面
點擊檢查問題得,得到
這樣也獲得了access token
五、組織選單內容
目前自訂選單最多包含3個一級選單,每個一級選單最多包含5個二級選單。一級菜單最多4個漢字,二級菜單最多7個漢字,多出來的部分將會以“...”代 替。請注意,建立自訂選單後,由於微信客戶端快取,需要24小時微信用戶端才會展現出來。建議測試時可以嘗試取消關注公眾帳號後再次關注,則可以看到創 建後的效果。
目前自訂選單介面可實作兩種類型按鈕,如下:
#click:
用戶點選click類型按鈕後,微信伺服器會透過訊息介面推播訊息類型為event 的結構給開發者(參考訊息介面指南),並帶著按鈕中開發者填寫的key值,開發者可以透過自訂的key值與使用者互動;
view:
使用者點擊view類型按鈕後,微信用戶端將會開啟開發者在按鈕中填寫的url值 (即網頁連結),並達到開啟網頁的目的,並建議與網頁授權取得使用者基本資訊介面結合,以取得使用者的登入個人資訊。
介面呼叫請求說明
http要求方式:POST(請使用https協定) api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bi ... _token=ACCESS_TOKEN
請求範例
{ "button":[ { "type":"click", "name":"今日歌曲", "key":"V1001_TODAY_MUSIC" }, { "type":"click", "name":"歌手简介", "key":"V1001_TODAY_SINGER" }, { "name":"菜单", "sub_button":[ { "type":"view", "name":"搜索", "url":"http://www.soso.com/" }, { "type":"view", "name":"视频", "url":"http://v.qq.com/" }, { "type":"click", "name":"赞一下我们", "key":"V1001_GOOD" }] }] }
參數說明
#回傳結果
正確時的回傳JSON封包如下:
{"errcode":0,"errmsg":"ok"}
#錯誤時的回傳JSON封包如下(範例為無效選單名稱長度):
{"errcode":40018,"errmsg":"invalid button name size"}
六、提交選單內容給伺服器
菜单的JSON结构为
{"button": [{"name":"天气预报","sub_button":[{"type":"click","name":"北京天气","key":"天气北 京"}, {"type":"click","name":"上海天气","key":"天气上海"}, {"type":"click","name":" 广州天气","key":"天气广州"},{"type":"click","name":"深圳天气","key":"天气深圳"}, {"type":"view","name":"本地天气","url":"http://m.hao123.com/a/tianqi"}]}, {"name":"方倍工作室","sub_button":[{"type":"click","name":"公司简 介","key":"company"}, {"type":"click","name":"趣味游戏","key":"游戏"}, {"type":"click","name":"讲个笑话","key":"笑话"}]}]}
将以下代码保存为menu.php,并且在浏览器中运行该文件(比如 127.0.0.1/menu.php),将直接向微信服务器提交菜单
php $access_token = ""; $jsonmenu = '{ "button":[ { "name":"天气预报", "sub_button":[ { "type":"click", "name":"北京天气", "key":"天气北京" }, { "type":"click", "name":"上海天气", "key":"天气上海" }, { "type":"click", "name":"广州天气", "key":"天气广州" }, { "type":"click", "name":"深圳天气", "key":"天气深圳" }, { "type":"view", "name":"本地天气", "url":"http://m.hao123.com/a/tianqi" }] }, { "name":"瑞雪", "sub_button":[ { "type":"click", "name":"公司简介", "key":"company" }, { "type":"click", "name":"趣味游戏", "key":"游戏" }, { "type":"click", "name":"讲个笑话", "key":"笑话" }] }] }'; $url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=".$access_token; $result = https_request($url, $jsonmenu); var_dump($result); function https_request($url,$data = null){ $curl = curl_init(); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, $url); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, FALSE); if (!empty($data)){ curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data); } curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); $output = curl_exec($curl); curl_close($curl); return $output; } ?>
或者使用官方的调试接口 使用网页调试工具调试该接口
提交成功后,重新关注后即可看到菜单。菜单效果类似如下:
七、响应菜单点击事件
在消息接口中处理event事件,其中的click代表菜单点击,通过响应菜单结构中的key值回应消息,view事件无须响应,将直接跳转过去
define("TOKEN", "weixin"); $wechatObj = new wechatCallbackapiTest(); if (!isset($_GET['echostr'])) { $wechatObj->responseMsg(); }else{ $wechatObj->valid(); } class wechatCallbackapiTest { public function valid() { $echoStr = $_GET["echostr"]; if($this->checkSignature()){ echo $echoStr; exit; } } private function checkSignature() { $signature = $_GET["signature"]; $timestamp = $_GET["timestamp"]; $nonce = $_GET["nonce"]; $token = TOKEN; $tmpArr = array($token, $timestamp, $nonce); sort($tmpArr); $tmpStr = implode( $tmpArr ); $tmpStr = sha1( $tmpStr ); if( $tmpStr == $signature ){ return true; }else{ return false; } } public function responseMsg() { $postStr = $GLOBALS["HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA"]; if (!empty($postStr)){ $postObj = simplexml_load_string($postStr, 'SimpleXMLElement', LIBXML_NOCDATA); $RX_TYPE = trim($postObj->MsgType); switch ($RX_TYPE) { case "text": $resultStr = $this->receiveText($postObj); break; case "event": $resultStr = $this->receiveEvent($postObj); break; default: $resultStr = ""; break; } echo $resultStr; }else { echo ""; exit; } } private function receiveText($object) { $funcFlag = 0; $contentStr = "你发送的内容为:".$object->Content; $resultStr = $this->transmitText($object, $contentStr, $funcFlag); return $resultStr; } private function receiveEvent($object) { $contentStr = ""; switch ($object->Event) { case "subscribe": $contentStr = "欢迎洋洋博客"; case "unsubscribe": break; case "CLICK": switch ($object->EventKey) { case "company": $contentStr[] = array("Title" =>"公司简介", "Description" =>"洋洋的博客", "PicUrl" =>"http://discuz.comli.com/weixin/weather/icon/cartoon.jpg", "Url" =>"weixin://addfriend/pondbaystudio"); break; default: $contentStr[] = array("Title" =>"默认菜单回复", "Description" =>"您正在使用的是<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">洋洋的博客</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">", </span> "PicUrl" =>"http://discuz.comli.com/weixin/weather/icon/cartoon.jpg", "Url" =>"weixin://addfriend/pondbaystudio"); break; } break; default: break; } if (is_array($contentStr)){ $resultStr = $this->transmitNews($object, $contentStr); }else{ $resultStr = $this->transmitText($object, $contentStr); } return $resultStr; } private function transmitText($object, $content, $funcFlag = 0) { $textTpl = "<xml> <ToUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></ToUserName> <FromUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></FromUserName> <CreateTime>%s</CreateTime> <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType> <Content><![CDATA[%s]]></Content> <FuncFlag>%d</FuncFlag> </xml>"; $resultStr = sprintf($textTpl, $object->FromUserName, $object->ToUserName, time(), $content, $funcFlag); return $resultStr; } private function transmitNews($object, $arr_item, $funcFlag = 0) { //首条标题28字,其他标题39字 if(!is_array($arr_item)) return; $itemTpl = " <item> <Title><![CDATA[%s]]></Title> <Description><![CDATA[%s]]></Description> <PicUrl><![CDATA[%s]]></PicUrl> <Url><![CDATA[%s]]></Url> </item> "; $item_str = ""; foreach ($arr_item as $item) $item_str .= sprintf($itemTpl, $item['Title'], $item['Description'], $item['PicUrl'], $item['Url']); $newsTpl = "<xml> <ToUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></ToUserName> <FromUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></FromUserName> <CreateTime>%s</CreateTime> <MsgType><![CDATA[news]]></MsgType> <Content><![CDATA[]]></Content> <ArticleCount>%s</ArticleCount> <Articles> $item_str</Articles> <FuncFlag>%s</FuncFlag> </xml>"; $resultStr = sprintf($newsTpl, $object->FromUserName, $object->ToUserName, time(), count($arr_item), $funcFlag); return $resultStr; } } ?>
八、菜单中获取OpenID
由于菜单中只能填写固定的url地址,对于想要菜单中获取用户的OpenID的情况,可以使用OAuth2.0授权的方式来实现。
URL中填写的地址为一个固定的回调地址。原理方法可以参考 微信公众平台开发(99) 自定义菜单获取OpenID
<?php /* 洋洋的博客 */ define("TOKEN", "weixin"); $wechatObj = new wechatCallbackapiTest(); if (isset($_GET['echostr'])) { $wechatObj->valid(); }else{ $wechatObj->responseMsg(); } class wechatCallbackapiTest { public function valid() { $echoStr = $_GET["echostr"]; if($this->checkSignature()){ header('content-type:text'); echo $echoStr; exit; } } private function checkSignature() { $signature = $_GET["signature"]; $timestamp = $_GET["timestamp"]; $nonce = $_GET["nonce"]; $token = TOKEN; $tmpArr = array($token, $timestamp, $nonce); sort($tmpArr, SORT_STRING); $tmpStr = implode( $tmpArr ); $tmpStr = sha1( $tmpStr ); if( $tmpStr == $signature ){ return true; }else{ return false; } } public function responseMsg() { $postStr = $GLOBALS["HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA"]; if (!empty($postStr)){ $postObj = simplexml_load_string($postStr, 'SimpleXMLElement', LIBXML_NOCDATA); $fromUsername = $postObj->FromUserName; $toUsername = $postObj->ToUserName; $keyword = trim($postObj->Content); $time = time(); $textTpl = "<xml> <ToUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></ToUserName> <FromUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></FromUserName> <CreateTime>%s</CreateTime> <MsgType><![CDATA[%s]]></MsgType> <Content><![CDATA[%s]]></Content> <FuncFlag>0</FuncFlag> </xml>"; if($keyword == "?" || $keyword == "?") { $msgType = "text"; $contentStr = '当前时间是:'.date("Y-m-d H:i:s",time()); $resultStr = sprintf($textTpl, $fromUsername, $toUsername, $time, $msgType, $contentStr); echo $resultStr; } }else{ echo ""; exit; } } } ?>
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