java-二元查找樹（BST）演算法的範例程式碼分享

二元查找樹（Binary Search Tree）是一種能將鍊錶插入的靈活性和有序數組查找的高效性結合起來的演算法。以下是實作BST各種方法的乾貨純程式碼。

二元尋找樹（BST）定義

#二元排序樹或是一棵空樹，或者是具有下列性質的二元樹：

1. 若左子樹不空，則左子樹上所有結點的值均小於或等於它的根結點的值

2. #若右子樹不空，則右子樹上所有結點的值均大於或等於它的根結點的值

3. ##左、右子樹也

   分別為二元排序樹

基本結點實作

public class BST<K extends Comparable<K>, V> {

    private Node root;

    private class Node {

        private K key;
        private V value;
        private Node left;
        private Node right;
        private int N;

        public Node(K key, V value, int N) {
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
            this.N = N;
        }
    }

    public int size() {
        return size(root);
    }

    private int size(Node x) {
        if (x == null)
            return 0;
        else
            return x.N;
    }
}

查找鍵取得值— get

public V get(K key) {
    return get(root, key);
}

private V get(Node root, K key) {

    if (root == null)
        return null;

    int comp = key.compareTo(root.key);

    if (comp == 0)
        return root.value;
    else if (comp < 0)
        return get(root.left, key);
    else
        return get(root.right, key);

}

修改值/插入新值－put

  public void put(K key, V value) {
        root = put(root, key, value);
    }

    private Node put(Node root, K key, V value) {

        if (root == null)
            return new Node(key, value, 1);

        int comp = key.compareTo(root.key);
        if (comp == 0)
            root.value = value;
        else if (comp < 0)
            root.left = put(root.left, key, value);
        else
            root.right = put(root.right, key, value);

        root.N = size(root.left) + size(root.right) + 1;

        return root;
    }

最大值/最小值－min/max

  public K min() {
        return min(root).key;
    }

    private Node min(Node root) {

        if (root.left == null)
            return root;

        return min(root.left);

    }

    public K max() {
        return max(root).key;
    }

    private Node max(Node root2) {

        if (root.right == null)
            return root;

        return max(root.right);

    }

向上/向下取整－floor/ceiling#

  public K floor(K key) {
        Node x = floor(root, key);
        if (x == null)
            return null;
        return x.key;
    }

    private Node floor(Node root, K key) {

        if (root == null)
            return null;

        int comp = key.compareTo(root.key);

        if (comp < 0)
            return floor(root.left, key);
        else if (comp > 0 && root.right != null
                && key.compareTo(min(root.right).key) >= 0)
            return floor(root.right, key);
        else
            return root;

    }

    public K ceiling(K key) {
        Node x = ceiling(root, key);
        if (x == null)
            return null;
        return x.key;
    }

    private Node ceiling(Node root, K key) {

        if (root == null)
            return null;

        int comp = key.compareTo(root.key);

        if (comp > 0)
            return ceiling(root.right, key);
        else if (comp < 0 && root.left != null
                && key.compareTo(max(root.left).key) >= 0)
            return ceiling(root.left, key);
        else
            return root;

    }

選擇－select

  public K select(int k) {
        //找出BST中序号为k的键
        return select(root, k);
    }

    private K select(Node root, int k) {

        if (root == null)
            return null;

        int comp = k - size(root.left);

        if (comp < 0)
            return select(root.left, k);
        else if (comp > 0)
            return select(root.right, k - (size(root.left) + 1));
        else
            return root.key;

    }

排名——rank

  public int rank(K key) {
        //找出BST中键为key的序号是多少
        return rank(root, key);
    }

    private int rank(Node root, K key) {

        if (root == null)
            return 0;

        int comp = key.compareTo(root.key);

        if (comp == 0)
            return size(root.left);
        else if (comp < 0)
            return rank(root.left, key);
        else
            return 1 + size(root.left) + rank(root.right, key);

    }

刪除最小/最大鍵——deleteMin/deleteMax

  public void deleteMin() {
        root = deleteMin(root);
    }

    private Node deleteMin(Node root) {

        if (root.left == null)
            return root.right;

        root.left = deleteMin(root.left);
        root.N = size(root.left) + size(root.right) + 1;
        return root;

    }

    public void deleteMax() {
        root = deleteMax(root);
    }

    private Node deleteMax(Node root) {

        if (root.right == null)
            return root.left;

        root.right = deleteMax(root.right);
        root.N = size(root.left) + size(root.right) + 1;
        return root;

    }

刪除任意鍵——delete

  public void delete(K key) {
        root = delete(root, key);
    }

    private Node delete(Node root, K key) {

        if (root == null)
            return null;

        int comp = key.compareTo(root.key);

        if (comp == 0) {

            if (root.right == null)
                return root = root.left;
            if (root.left == null)
                return root = root.right;

            Node t = root;
            root = min(t.right);

            root.left = t.left;
            root.right = deleteMin(t.right);

        } else if (comp < 0)
            root.left = delete(root.left, key);
        else
            root.right = delete(root.right, key);

        root.N = size(root.left) + size(root.right) + 1;
        return root;

    }

中序列印樹－print

  public void print() {
        print(root);
    }

    private void print(Node root) {

        if (root == null)
            return;
        print(root.left);
        System.out.println(root.key);
        print(root.right);

    }

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