html5 canvas中支援對text文字進行渲染;
直接的理解就是把text繪製在畫布上,並且像圖形一樣處理它(可以加shadow、gradient、pattern、color fill等等);
#既然它的本質是文字,就會具有文字所特有的一些屬性 ;本篇的重點也在於此;
不過,在最後會增加一些圖形填充效果在text上應用的實例;
context.font:
[font style] [font weight] [font size] [font face]
字體屬性的設定與css中的類似;
範例:
context.font = "italic bold 24px serif"; context.font = "normal lighter 50px cursive";
context.measureText(message):
當我們提供一個文字message,呼叫此方法,
它會依據目前context設定的字型、大小等,傳回一個文字的度量資訊物件TextMetrics;
#當前html5 canvas中TextMetrics對象,只包含一個屬性,就是width;
可以用來確定目前給定字串文本的在目前環境下的寬度;
例如:
var metrics = context.measureText(message); var textWidth = metrics.width;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>test</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="modernizr-latest.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.addEventListener("load", eventWindowLoaded, false);
function eventWindowLoaded() {
canvasApp();
}
function canvasSupport() {
return Modernizr.canvas;
}
function eventWindowLoaded() {
canvasApp();
}
function canvasApp() {
var message = "your text";
var fillOrStroke = "fill";
var fontSize = "50";
var fontFace = "serif";
var textFillColor = "#ff0000";
var textBaseline = "middle";
var textAlign = "center";
var fontWeight = "normal";
var fontStyle = "normal";
if(!canvasSupport()) {
return;
}
var theCanvas = document.getElementById("canvasOne");
var context = theCanvas.getContext("2d");
var formElement = document.getElementById("textBox");
formElement.addEventListener('keyup', textBoxChanged, false);
formElement = document.getElementById("fillOrStroke");
formElement.addEventListener('change', fillOrStrokeChanged, false);
formElement = document.getElementById("textSize");
formElement.addEventListener('change', textSizeChanged, false);
formElement = document.getElementById("textFillColor");
formElement.addEventListener('change', textFillColorChanged, false);
formElement = document.getElementById("textFont");
formElement.addEventListener('change', textFontChanged, false);
formElement = document.getElementById("textBaseline");
formElement.addEventListener('change', textBaselineChanged, false);
formElement = document.getElementById("textAlign");
formElement.addEventListener('change', textAlignChanged, false);
formElement = document.getElementById("fontWeight");
formElement.addEventListener('change', fontWeightChanged, false);
formElement = document.getElementById("fontStyle");
formElement.addEventListener('change', fontStyleChanged, false);
drawScreen();
function drawScreen() {
context.fillStyle = "yellow";
context.fillRect(0, 0, theCanvas.width, theCanvas.height);
context.lineWidth = 1;
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(theCanvas.width / 2, 0);
context.lineTo(theCanvas.width / 2, theCanvas.height);
context.stroke();
context.closePath();
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(0, theCanvas.height/2);
context.lineTo(theCanvas.width, theCanvas.height/2);
context.stroke();
context.closePath();
//Text
context.textBaseline = textBaseline;
context.textAlign = textAlign;
context.font = fontWeight + " " + fontStyle + " " + fontSize + "px " + fontFace;
var xPosition = (theCanvas.width / 2);
var yPosition = (theCanvas.height / 2);
switch(fillOrStroke) {
case "fill":
context.fillStyle = textFillColor;
context.fillText(message, xPosition, yPosition);
break;
case "stroke":
context.strokeStyle = textFillColor;
context.strokeText(message, xPosition, yPosition);
break;
case "both":
context.fillStyle = textFillColor;
context.fillText(message, xPosition, yPosition);
context.strokeStyle = "#000000";
context.strokeText(message, xPosition, yPosition);
break;
}
}
function textBoxChanged(e) {
var target = e.target;
message = target.value;
drawScreen();
}
function fillOrStrokeChanged(e) {
var target = e.target;
fillOrStroke = target.value;
drawScreen();
}
function textSizeChanged(e) {
var target = e.target;
fontSize = target.value;
drawScreen();
}
function textFillColorChanged(e) {
var target = e.target;
textFillColor = "#" + target.value;
drawScreen();
}
function textFontChanged(e) {
var target = e.target;
fontFace = target.value;
drawScreen();
}
function textBaselineChanged(e) {
var target = e.target;
textBaseline = target.value;
drawScreen();
}
function textAlignChanged(e) {
var target = e.target;
textAlign = target.value;
drawScreen();
}
function fontWeightChanged(e) {
var target = e.target;
fontWeight = target.value;
drawScreen();
}
function fontStyleChanged(e) {
var target = e.target;
fontStyle = target.value;
drawScreen();
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div style="position: absolute; top: 50px; left: 50px;">
<canvas id="canvasOne" width="400" height="150">
Your browser does not support HTML5 Canvas.
</canvas>
<form>
<span>Text</span>
<input id="textBox"/>
<br/>
<span>Fill or Stroke</span>
<select id="fillOrStroke">
<option value="fill">fill</option>
<option value="stroke">stroke</option>
<option value="both">both</option>
</select>
<br/>
<span>Font</span>
<select id="textFont">
<option value="serif">serif</option>
<option value="sans-serif">sans-serif</option>
<option value="cursive">cursive</option>
<option value="fantasy">fantasy</option>
<option value="monospace">monospace</option>
</select>
<br/>
<span>font size</span>
<input type="range" id="textSize" min="0" max="200" value="30"/>
<br/>
<span>font color</span>
<input id="textFillColor" value="FF0000"/>
<br/>
<span>font weight</span>
<select id="fontWeight">
<option value="normal">normal</option>
<option value="bold">bold</option>
<option value="bolder">bolder</option>
<option value="lighter">lighter</option>
</select>
<br/>
<span>font style</span>
<select id="fontStyle">
<option value="normal">normal</option>
<option value="italic">italic</option>
<option value="oblique">oblique</option>
</select>
<br/>
<span>textBaseLine</span>
<select id="textBaseline">
<option value="middle">middle</option>
<option value="top">top</option>
<option value="hanging">hanging</option>
<option value="alphabetic">alphabetic</option>
<option value="ideographic">ideographic</option>
<option value="bottom">bottom</option>
</select>
<br/>
<span>TextAlign</span>
<select id="textAlign">
<option value="center">center</option>
<option value="start">start</option>
<option value="end">end</option>
<option value="left">left</option>
<option value="right">right</option>
</select>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
## fillText([text],[x],[y],[maxWidth]):
#參數的意義:
text:要在canvas上要渲染的文字內容;x,y:代表開始渲染的點的位置座標;
##maxWidth:代表最大寬度;
與之搭配的設定文字的顏色屬性:fillStyle
#strokeText([text ],[x],[y],[maxWidth]):
參數的意義與fillText相同;與fillText相比,它指渲染文字的輪廓;
與之搭配的設定文字的色彩屬性:
strokeStyle#Canvas中有對文字對齊方式的支援,包括兩個選項:水平Horizontal alignment與垂直Vertical alignment;
#context.textAlign:文字水平對齊方式。可取屬性值: start, end, left,right, center。預設值:start.
Horizontal alignment选项:center|start|end|left|right
例:context.textAlign = "center";
Vertical alignment选项:top|hanging|middle|alphabetic|ideographic|bottom
例:context.textBaseline = "top";
当我们把一段文本渲染在canvas上时,文本本身显示在画布上,会占据一个矩形块(看不见的矩形,我们暂且称其为IBox(invisible bounding box));
这里提到的对齐方式,都是针些这个文本所占据的这个IBox来操作的(IBox有,上,下,左,右四条边线);
把字符串“HA”在画布的中心点位置(两条黑色直线相交点为中心);textAlign为默认值,应用不同的textBaseline所产生的效果如下图:
把字符串“HA”在画布的中心点位置(两条黑色直线相交点为中心);textBaseline为默认值,应用不同的textAlign所产生的效果如下图:
大家可以细细品味一下,它们的区别……
实例:
基本属性展示:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>test</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="modernizr-latest.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.addEventListener("load", eventWindowLoaded, false); function eventWindowLoaded() { canvasApp(); } function canvasSupport() { return Modernizr.canvas; } function eventWindowLoaded() { canvasApp(); } function canvasApp() { var message = "your text"; var fillOrStroke = "fill"; var fontSize = "50"; var fontFace = "serif"; var textFillColor = "#ff0000"; var textBaseline = "middle"; var textAlign = "center"; var fontWeight = "normal"; var fontStyle = "normal"; if(!canvasSupport()) { return; } var theCanvas = document.getElementById("canvasOne"); var context = theCanvas.getContext("2d"); var formElement = document.getElementById("textBox"); formElement.addEventListener('keyup', textBoxChanged, false); formElement = document.getElementById("fillOrStroke"); formElement.addEventListener('change', fillOrStrokeChanged, false); formElement = document.getElementById("textSize"); formElement.addEventListener('change', textSizeChanged, false); formElement = document.getElementById("textFillColor"); formElement.addEventListener('change', textFillColorChanged, false); formElement = document.getElementById("textFont"); formElement.addEventListener('change', textFontChanged, false); formElement = document.getElementById("textBaseline"); formElement.addEventListener('change', textBaselineChanged, false); formElement = document.getElementById("textAlign"); formElement.addEventListener('change', textAlignChanged, false); formElement = document.getElementById("fontWeight"); formElement.addEventListener('change', fontWeightChanged, false); formElement = document.getElementById("fontStyle"); formElement.addEventListener('change', fontStyleChanged, false); drawScreen(); function drawScreen() { context.fillStyle = "yellow"; context.fillRect(0, 0, theCanvas.width, theCanvas.height); context.lineWidth = 1; context.beginPath(); context.moveTo(theCanvas.width / 2, 0); context.lineTo(theCanvas.width / 2, theCanvas.height); context.stroke(); context.closePath(); context.beginPath(); context.moveTo(0, theCanvas.height/2); context.lineTo(theCanvas.width, theCanvas.height/2); context.stroke(); context.closePath(); //Text context.textBaseline = textBaseline; context.textAlign = textAlign; context.font = fontWeight + " " + fontStyle + " " + fontSize + "px " + fontFace; var xPosition = (theCanvas.width / 2); var yPosition = (theCanvas.height / 2); switch(fillOrStroke) { case "fill": context.fillStyle = textFillColor; context.fillText(message, xPosition, yPosition); break; case "stroke": context.strokeStyle = textFillColor; context.strokeText(message, xPosition, yPosition); break; case "both": context.fillStyle = textFillColor; context.fillText(message, xPosition, yPosition); context.strokeStyle = "#000000"; context.strokeText(message, xPosition, yPosition); break; } } function textBoxChanged(e) { var target = e.target; message = target.value; drawScreen(); } function fillOrStrokeChanged(e) { var target = e.target; fillOrStroke = target.value; drawScreen(); } function textSizeChanged(e) { var target = e.target; fontSize = target.value; drawScreen(); } function textFillColorChanged(e) { var target = e.target; textFillColor = "#" + target.value; drawScreen(); } function textFontChanged(e) { var target = e.target; fontFace = target.value; drawScreen(); } function textBaselineChanged(e) { var target = e.target; textBaseline = target.value; drawScreen(); } function textAlignChanged(e) { var target = e.target; textAlign = target.value; drawScreen(); } function fontWeightChanged(e) { var target = e.target; fontWeight = target.value; drawScreen(); } function fontStyleChanged(e) { var target = e.target; fontStyle = target.value; drawScreen(); } } </script> </head> <body> <div style="position: absolute; top: 50px; left: 50px;"> <canvas id="canvasOne" width="400" height="150"> Your browser does not support HTML5 Canvas. </canvas> <form> <span>Text</span> <input id="textBox"/> <br/> <span>Fill or Stroke</span> <select id="fillOrStroke"> <option value="fill">fill</option> <option value="stroke">stroke</option> <option value="both">both</option> </select> <br/> <span>Font</span> <select id="textFont"> <option value="serif">serif</option> <option value="sans-serif">sans-serif</option> <option value="cursive">cursive</option> <option value="fantasy">fantasy</option> <option value="monospace">monospace</option> </select> <br/> <span>font size</span> <input type="range" id="textSize" min="0" max="200" value="30"/> <br/> <span>font color</span> <input id="textFillColor" value="FF0000"/> <br/> <span>font weight</span> <select id="fontWeight"> <option value="normal">normal</option> <option value="bold">bold</option> <option value="bolder">bolder</option> <option value="lighter">lighter</option> </select> <br/> <span>font style</span> <select id="fontStyle"> <option value="normal">normal</option> <option value="italic">italic</option> <option value="oblique">oblique</option> </select> <br/> <span>textBaseLine</span> <select id="textBaseline"> <option value="middle">middle</option> <option value="top">top</option> <option value="hanging">hanging</option> <option value="alphabetic">alphabetic</option> <option value="ideographic">ideographic</option> <option value="bottom">bottom</option> </select> <br/> <span>TextAlign</span> <select id="textAlign"> <option value="center">center</option> <option value="start">start</option> <option value="end">end</option> <option value="left">left</option> <option value="right">right</option> </select> </form> </div> </body> </html>
阴影效果:
代换上面代码的drawScreen方法体 function drawScreen() { context.fillStyle = "yellow"; context.fillRect(0, 0, theCanvas.width, theCanvas.height); //Text context.textBaseline = textBaseline; context.textAlign = textAlign; context.shadowColor = "#707070"; context.shadowOffsetX = 5; context.shadowOffsetY = 5; context.shadowBlur = 5; context.font = fontWeight + " " + fontStyle + " " + fontSize + "px " + fontFace; var xPosition = (theCanvas.width / 2); var yPosition = (theCanvas.height / 2); context.fillStyle = textFillColor; context.fillText(message, xPosition, yPosition); }
渐变效果:
代换View Code 代码段中的drawScreen方法 function drawScreen() { context.fillStyle = "yellow"; context.fillRect(0, 0, theCanvas.width, theCanvas.height); var gradient = context.createLinearGradient(0, 0, theCanvas.width, 0); context.font = "italic bold 40px serif"; gradient.addColorStop(0, "#000000"); gradient.addColorStop(.5, "#FF0000"); gradient.addColorStop(1, "#00ff00"); var xPosition = (theCanvas.width / 2); var yPosition = (theCanvas.height / 2); context.fillStyle = gradient; context.fillText("message", xPosition, yPosition); }
以上是Html5 Canvas中支援對text文字進行渲染的範例程式碼(圖)的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!

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