最近在將資料從Oracle遷移到MySQL的過程中,遇到一些問題,其中就包含關鍵字。以下這篇文章主要為大家介紹了MySQL 5.7中的關鍵字與保留字的相關資料,文中介紹的非常詳細,需要的朋友可以參考學習,下面來一起看看吧。
前言
MySQL和Oracle的關鍵字還是不盡相同的,在Oracle資料庫中,我們的資料表中定義了大量的code欄位用來表示主鍵,但在MySQL中code是關鍵字,使用以前的處理方法就有些「水土不服」。
下面我們來了解MySQL中的關鍵字和保留字。
什麼是關鍵字和保留字
#關鍵字是指在SQL中有意義的字。 某些關鍵字(例如SELECT,DELETE或BIGINT)是保留的,需要特殊處理才能用作表格和列名稱等識別碼。 這一點對於內建函數的名稱也適用。
如何使用關鍵字和保留字
#非保留關鍵字允許作為標識符,不需要加引號。 如果您要適用保留字作為標識符,就必須適用引號。
舉個例子,BEGIN和END是關鍵字,但不是保留字,因此它們用作標識符不需要引號。 INTERVAL是保留關鍵字,必須加上引號才能當識別符。
mysql>
mysql> use hoegh;
Database changed
mysql>
mysql> CREATE TABLE interval (begin INT, end INT);
ERROR 1064 (42000):
mysql>
mysql> CREATE TABLE `interval` (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.42 sec)
mysql>
mysql> show create table `interval`;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
| Table | Create Table
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
| interval | CREATE TABLE `interval` (
`begin` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`end` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
我們看到,第一語句中表名使用了保留字interval,執行失敗;
第二條語句對interval加了引號,執行成功。
在這裡要注意的是,引號必須是反引號,而非單引號。否則會報錯,如下所示:
mysql>
mysql> drop table `interval`;--使用反引号
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql>
mysql> create table 'interval' (begin INT, end INT);--使用单引号,报错
ERROR 1064 (42000):
mysql>
有一個例外
如果標識符在限定名稱(資料庫名稱)的句點之後,即使是保留關鍵字也不需要引號。
我們以hoegh資料庫為例,如果表名寫成hoegh.interval就不需要對保留字interval加引號了。
mysql>
mysql> create table hoegh.interval (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)
mysql>
mysql> show create table hoegh.interval;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
| Table | Create Table
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
| interval | CREATE TABLE `interval` (
`begin` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`end` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
關於使用內建函數名稱
#允許內建函數的名稱可以作為標識符,但最好謹慎使用。例如,COUNT作為列名稱是合法的。但是,預設情況下,在函數名稱和後面的(之間的函數呼叫中不允許有空格。這個限制使解析器能夠區分名稱是用於函數呼叫還是用在非函數上下文中。
#附錄
在某些時候,您可能需要升級到更高版本,因此最好查看未來的保留字。在更高版本的MySQL的手冊中找到這些。 yacc解析器。關鍵字標記為(R)。 #第三個表格10.4顯示MySQL 5.7比較5.6版本刪除的保留字。
可存取(R) |
帳戶[a] |
#操作 |
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##新增(R)
| 之後
AGAINST |
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| ##聚合
演算法 |
全部(R)
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#更改(R)
| #總是[b]
分析 |
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#分析(R) |
和(R)
| 任何######## ############
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| AS(R)
ASC(R) |
ASCII
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################################## ###### ########################################敏感(R)#### ##AT ######AUTOEXTEND_SIZE############################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################ # ########################################################### # ########################################################## ### ######################################################## ##### ############################################## ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ##################### |
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AUTO_INCREMENT |
AVG |
AVG_ROW_LENGTH |
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BACKUP |
BEFORE (R) |
BEGIN |
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BETWEEN (R) |
BIGINT (R) |
BINARY ( R) |
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BINLOG |
BIT |
BLOB (R) |
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BLOCK |
BOOL |
BOOLEAN |
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BOTH (R) |
BTREE |
BY (R) |
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位元組 | CACHE |
CALL (R) |
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#CASCADE(R) |
CASCADED
| CASE(R)
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| #CATALOG_NAME
CHAIN |
#CHANGE(R)
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| ##已更改
頻道[c] |
CHAR(R)
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| ##字元(R)
字元集 |
檢查(R ) |
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CHECKSUM
| CIPHER
CLASS_ORIGIN |
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##客戶端 |
關閉
#合併 | |
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############################################# # ########################################################### # ########################################################## ### #################################程式碼######整理(R)#### ##整理######################################################## ##### ############################################## ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ######################################## ############# ############################## |
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| COLUMN(R)
COLUMNS |
COLUMN_FORMAT
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| COLUMN_NAME
COMMENT |
COMMIT
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| #都
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#承諾 |
緊湊
| 完成
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| 壓縮 | 。壓縮[d]
#並發 |
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##條件(R) |
連接
| 一致
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| #CONSTRAINT(R)
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG |
#CONSTRAINT_NAME
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############################### ##### ################################################ ## ########################################################### ########################################################### ## ######################################################### #### ####################################################### ###### ############################################# ######## ##################CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA######CONTAINS######CONTEXT#################################### ######### ########################################## ########### ######################################## ############# ###################################### ############### #################################### ####### |
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#繼續(R)
| 轉換(R)
CPU |
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| ##創建(R)
交叉(R) |
##創建(R)
| 交叉(R)###立方體######## #################
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目前
| CURRENT_DATE(R )
CURRENT_TIME(R ) |
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#CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (R) |
CURRENT_USER(R)
| CURSOR(R)
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遊標名稱 |
資料
| 資料庫(R)
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| #資料庫(R)
資料檔 |
日期
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################################################# ##### ############################################## ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ###########日期時間######DAY######DAY_HOUR (R)######### ############# ###################################### ############### #################################### ############# |
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| DAY_MICROSECOND(R)
DAY_MINUTE(R) |
DAY_SECOND(R)
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#解除指派
| DEC (R)
DECIMAL (R) |
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」聲明(R) |
預設(R) | DEFAULT_AUTH
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##定義器 |
延遲(R)
| DELAY_KEY_WRITE
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| 刪除(R)
DESC(R) |
DESCRIBE(R)
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DES_KEY_FILE |
#確定性(R)
診斷 |
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######################################### ################################################# # ########################################################### # ########################################################## ### ######################################################## ##### ############################################## ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ######################################## ############# ####目錄#######禁用#######丟棄############################################################# |
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磁碟 |
DISTINCT(R)
| DISTINCTROW(R)
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#p(R)
| DO
DOUBLE(R) |
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DROP (R) |
DUAL (R)
| DUMPFILE
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##重複 |
動態
| 每個(R)
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##ELSE(R) | ELSEIF( R) |
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##################### ### ############################################已封閉(R)## # ###加密[e]######END############################################# ## ######################################################### #### ####################################################### ###### ############################################# ######## ########################################### ########## ######################################### ############ ############################################### ############## ##################################### ################ ################################### ###### |
ENDS |
引擎 |
引擎 |
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##ENUM |
錯誤 ##錯誤 |
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#逃脫(R) |
事件
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| ##活動
每個 |
交換
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##執行
| #存在(R)
#退出(R) |
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擴充
| 過期
解釋(R) |
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匯出######擴充功能######EXTENT_SIZE########### # ########################################################### # ########################################################## ### ######################################################## ##### ############################################## ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ######################################## ############# ###################################### ########## |
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| FALSE(R) | FAST | FAULTS
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| FETCH(R)
欄位 |
檔案###### ############ ## |
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#FILE_BLOCK_SIZE[f] |
FILTER[g] #####第一的###### #################
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##浮動(R)
| FLOAT4 (R)
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| ##FLOAT8( R)
FLUSH |
FOLLOWS[h]
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FOR(R)
| FORCE(R)
FOREIGN(R) |
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###### ## #############格式######發現######FROM(R)################# ### ######################################################## ##### ############################################## ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ######################################## ############# ###################################### ############### #################################### ####### |
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| #全文 | #全文(R)
功能 |
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| ##一般 產生[i] (R) |
幾何
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| #幾何集合
GET (R) |
GET_FORMAT
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全球 ##GRANT(R) |
補助金
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##組(R)
| GROUP_REPLICATION[j]
HANDLER |
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#哈希 | 有(R)
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幫助 |
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############# # ########################################################## ### ######################################################## ###HIGH_PRIORITY (R)######主機######主機############################################################################ ##### ############################################## ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ######################################## ############# ###################################### ############### ######################## |
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##HOUR |
HOUR_MICROSECOND(R)
| ## HOUR_MINUTE(R)
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| HOUR_SECOND (R)
已識別 |
IF(R)
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| #忽略(R)
IGNORE_SERVER_IDS |
導入
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IN(R )
| 索引(R)
索引 |
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| INFILE(R)
INITIAL_SIZE | ##INNER(R)
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| ##INOUT(R)
不靈敏(R) |
INSERT(R)
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# ######################################################### #### ####################################################### ###### ##############INSERT_METHOD#######安裝######INSTANCE[k]############ ###### ############################################# ######## ########################################### ########## ######################################### ############ ############################################### ############ |
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INT(R)
| INT1(R)
INT2(R ) |
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| INT3 (R)
INT4 (R) |
INT8 ( R)
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##INTEGER (R) |
INTERVAL (R) )
| INTO(R)
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##INVOKER | IO
IO_AFTER_GTIDS(R) |
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##IO_BEFORE_GTIDS (R) |
IO_THREAD
| IPC
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| #IS(R)
隔離 |
發卡者
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##################################################### ################################################# # ########################################################### # ########################################################## ### ######################################################## ##### ############################################## ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ######################################## ############# #####迭代(R)######加入(R)######JSON[l]######## ############## ##################################### ################ ################################### ################## ######################## |
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##KEY(R) |
KEYS(R)
| KEY_BLOCK_SIZE
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| 殺死(R )
##LANG | UAGE
LAST |
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##領先(R) |
離開(R)
| 離開
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| 左(R)
少 | ##等級
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##LIKE( R) |
LIMIT(R)
| 線性(R)
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| #LINES(R)
LINESTRING |
LIST
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####################################################### ## ######################################################### #### ####################################################### ###### ############################################# ######## ########################################### ########## ######################################### ############ ############################################### ############## #############################負載(R)#### ##本地######本地時間(R)# ############################################ # |
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#本機時間戳(R)
| 鎖定(R)
「 |
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##LOGFILE |
LOGS
| LONG(R)
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| LONGBLOB(R)
LONGTEXT(R) |
LOOP(R)
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LOW_PRIORITY (R) |
MASTER
| #MASTER_AUTO_POSITION
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##MASTER_BIND(R) |
MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY
| MASTER_DELAY
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##########MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD######MASTER_HOST######MASTER_LOG_FILE################## ## ######################################################### #### ####################################################### ###### ############################################# ######## ########################################### ########## ######################################### ############ ############################################### ############## ##################################### ################ ################################### ########## |
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MASTER_LOG_POS |
MASTER_PASSWORD |
MASTER_PORT |
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##MASTER_RETRY_COUNT | MASTER_SERVER_ID
MASTER_SSL |
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#MASTER_SSL_CA |
MASTER_SSL_CAPATH
| MASTER_SSL_CERT
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| ##MASTER_SSL_CIPHER
MASTER_SSL_CRL |
MASTER_SSL_CRLPATH
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| ##MASTER_SSL_KEY
#MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT(R) |
MASTER_TLS_VERSION[m ]
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#MASTER_USER
| 符合(R) MAXVALUE (R) |
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##################### ############ ################################################### ########################################################### ############################################ ####### #######################################MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR######MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR #### ##MAX_ROWS################################################################################################################### ################################################# # ########################################################### # ########################################################## ### ######################################################## ##### ############################# |
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| MAX_SIZE
#MAX_STATEMENT_TIME[n] |
MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR
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MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS |
MEDIUM
| MEDIUMBLOB (R)
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| #MEDIUMINT(R)
MEDIUMTEXT(R) |
MEMORY
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##MESSAGE_TEXT |
微秒
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#中線(R)
| 遷移
分鐘 |
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##分鐘_微秒(右)
| #分鐘_秒(右)
MIN_ROWS |
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################ #### ####################################################### ###### ############################################# ######## ########################################### ########## ######################################MOD( R)######MODE### ###修改(R)############################################################### ############# ###################################### ############### #################################### ################# ######################################################## |
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修改 |
| #多行字串
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#多行字串
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| ##多點
多多邊形 |
互斥體
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#MYSQL_ERRNO |
NAME
| #NAMES
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| #「國家
自然(R) |
#NCHAR
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NDB
| NDBCLUSTER
NEVER[o] |
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##新
| 下一個
NO |
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#################################################### ###### ############################################# ######## ########################################### ########## ######################################### ############ ############################################### ############## ##################################### ################ ################################### ################## #####################NODEGROUP#######非阻塞[p] ######無############ ######################################## ##################### ###################################### ####################### #################################### ################ |
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| NOT(R)
NO_WAIT |
NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R)
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NULL(R)
| NUMBER
數字(R) |
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NVARCHAR | # #OFFSET
舊密碼[q] |
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##ON(R )#####僅一個######### ######
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# OPEN
| 優化(R)
OPTIMIZER_COSTS[r] (R) |
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##選項(R) |
可選(R)
| 選項
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################################ ### ################################################# # ########################################################### # ########################################################## ### ######################################################## ##### ############################################## ####### ###############OR(R)#######指令(R)######OUT(R)#### ####### ############################################ ######### #################### |
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| ##OUTER(R)
OUTFILE(R) |
#所有者
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| ##PACK_KEYS
PAGE |
解析器
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##PARSE_GCOL_EXPR[s]
| PARTIAL
分區(R) |
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# 區 |
區
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# 區號
| 分割區
密碼 |
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# #階段 |
外掛
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PLUGIN_DIR
| POINT
POLYGON |
####### ### ######################################################## ##### ############################################## ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ######################################## ############# ###################################### ############### #################################### ################# ########################################## ################### ##################################################################################################### ##精度(R)############# ######################## |
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| ############ ########### |
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| ########### ########### )
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| #PROCESSLIST
簡介 |
簡介
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| ##PROXY
| 清除(R)
QUARTER |
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#查詢 |
快速
| 範圍(R)
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| READ(R)
READS(R) |
#READ_ONLY
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######## ### ######################################################## ##### ############################################## ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ######################################## ############# ###################################### ############### ##### |
READ_WRITE(R) |
REAL(R) |
REBUILD |
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| ##REDOFILE
REDO_BUFFER_SIZE |
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##冗餘
| 參考(R)
REGEXP(R) |
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RELAY
| #RELAYLOG
RELAY_LOG_FILE |
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| RELAY_LOG_POS
RELAY_THREAD |
RELEASE(R)
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| 重新載入
刪除 |
重新命名(R)
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# # ############################## 重組######修復######重複(R)# # ########################################################## ### ######################################################## ##### ############################################## ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ######################################## ############# ###################################### ############### ######### |
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| ##可重複 | 取代(R)
REPLICATE_DO_DB[u] |
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#REPLICATE_DO_TABLE [v] |
REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB[w]
| REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE[x]
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##REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB[y]
| REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE[z]
REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE[aa] |
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複製 |
要求(R)
| 重設
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| ##辭職(R)
「恢復 |
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#已恢復
|
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| ##傳回(R) | RETURNED_SQLSTATE |
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###### ############################################# ###### ############################################### ### ################################################# # ########################################################### # ########################################################## ### ######################################################## ##### ###########返回######反向######撤銷(R)################################################################ ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ######################################## ############# ###################################### ############### ############## |
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右(R)
| RLIKE(R)
回滾 |
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| ROLLUP
旋轉[ab] |
例程
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| #ROW
| ROWS
ROW_COUNT |
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##ROW_FORMAT
| #RTREE
已儲存點 |
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時間表 |
架構(R )
| 架構(R)
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| ##SCHEMA_NAME
SECOND |
#SECOND_MICROSECOND(R)
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################## ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ######################################## ############# #################### 安全######選擇(R)#######敏感(R)########## ##################################### ############### #################################### ################# ########################################## ################### ##################### |
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分隔符號(R) |
序列
| #可序列化
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##伺服器 |
會話
|
##SET(R)
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分享 |
顯示(R)
| 關閉
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| ##「訊號(R)
簽章 |
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#奴隸
| 慢
SMALLINT(R) |
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#SNAPSHOT
| SOCKET
一些 |
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###################### ####### ############################################ ######### ########################################## ########### ######################################## ############# ###################################### ############### #####################SONAME######聲音#######來源################ ################################### ################## ######################################### #################### ####################################### ########## |
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SPATIAL (R) |
SPECIFIC (R) |
SQL (R) |
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SQLEXCEPTION (R) |
SQLSTATE (R) |
SQLWARNING (R) |
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SQL_AFTER_GTIDS |
SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS |
SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS |
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SQL_BIG_RESULT (R) |
SQL_BUFFER_RESULT |
SQL_CACHE |
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SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS (R) |
SQL_NO_CACHE |
SQL_SMALL_RESULT (R) |
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SQL_THREAD |
SQL_TSI_DAY |
SQL_TSI_HOUR |
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SQL_TSI_MINUTE |
SQL_TSI_MONTH |
SQL_TSI_QUARTER |
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SQL_TSI_SECOND |
SQL_TSI_WEEK |
SQL_TSI_YEAR |
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SSL (R) |
STACKED |
START |
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STARTING (R) |
STARTS |
STATS_AUTO_RECALC |
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STATS_PERSISTENT |
STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES |
STATUS |
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STOP |
STORAGE |
STORED[ac] (R) |
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STRAIGHT_JOIN (R) |
STRING |
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN |
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SUBJECT |
SUBPARTITION |
SUBPARTITIONS |
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SUPER |
SUSPEND |
SWAPS |
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SWITCHES |
TABLE (R) |
TABLES |
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TABLESPACE |
TABLE_CHECKSUM |
TABLE_NAME |
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TEMPORARY |
TEMPTABLE |
TERMINATED (R) |
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TEXT |
THAN |
THEN (R) |
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TIME |
TIMESTAMP |
TIMESTAMPADD |
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TIMESTAMPDIFF |
TINYBLOB (R) |
TINYINT (R) |
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TINYTEXT (R) |
TO (R) |
TRAILING (R) |
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TRANSACTION |
TRIGGER (R) |
TRIGGERS |
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TRUE (R) |
TRUNCATE |
TYPE |
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TYPES |
UNCOMMITTED |
UNDEFINED |
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UNDO (R) |
UNDOFILE |
UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE |
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UNICODE |
UNINSTALL |
UNION (R) |
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UNIQUE (R) |
UNKNOWN |
UNLOCK (R) |
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UNSIGNED (R) |
UNTIL |
UPDATE (R) |
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UPGRADE |
USAGE (R) |
USE (R) |
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USER |
USER_RESOURCES |
USE_FRM |
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USING (R) |
UTC_DATE (R) |
UTC_TIME (R) |
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UTC_TIMESTAMP (R) |
VALIDATION[ad] |
VALUE |
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VALUES (R) |
VARBINARY (R) |
VARCHAR (R) |
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VARCHARACTER (R) |
VARIABLES |
VARYING (R) |
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VIEW |
VIRTUAL[ae] (R) |
WAIT |
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WARNINGS |
WEEK |
WEIGHT_STRING |
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WHEN (R) |
WHERE (R) |
WHILE (R) |
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WITH (R) |
WITHOUT[af] |
WORK |
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WRAPPER |
WRITE (R) |
X509 |
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XA |
XID[ag] |
XML |
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XOR (R) |
YEAR |
YEAR_MONTH (R) |
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ZEROFILL (R) |
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[a] ACCOUNT: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)
[b] ALWAYS: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)
[c] CHANNEL: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)
[d] COMPRESSION: added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved)
[e] ENCRYPTION: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)
[f] FILE_BLOCK_SIZE: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)
[g] FILTER: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)
[h] FOLLOWS: added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved)
[i] GENERATED: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)
[j] GROUP_REPLICATION: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)
[k] INSTANCE: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)
[l] JSON: added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved)
[m] MASTER_TLS_VERSION: added in 5.7.10 (nonreserved)
[n] MAX_STATEMENT_TIME: added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved); removed in 5.7.8
[o] NEVER: added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved)
[p] NONBLOCKING: removed in 5.7.6
[q] OLD_PASSWORD: removed in 5.7.5
[r] OPTIMIZER_COSTS: added in 5.7.5 (reserved)
[s] PARSE_GCOL_EXPR: added in 5.7.6 (reserved); became nonreserved in 5.7.8
[t] PRECEDES: added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved)
[u] REPLICATE_DO_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)
[v] REPLICATE_DO_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)
[w] REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)
[x] REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)
[y] REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)
[z] REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)
[aa] REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)
[ab] ROTATE: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)
[ac] STORED: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)
[ad] VALIDATION: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)
[ae] VIRTUAL: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)
[af] WITHOUT: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)
[ag] XID: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)
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Table 10.3 Keywords and Reserved Words Added in MySQL 5.7 Compared to MySQL 5.6
ACCOUNT |
ALWAYS |
CHANNEL |
COMPRESSION |
ENCRYPTION |
FILE_BLOCK_SIZE |
FILTER |
FOLLOWS |
GENERATED (R) |
GROUP_REPLICATION |
INSTANCE |
JSON |
MASTER_TLS_VERSION |
NEVER |
OPTIMIZER_COSTS (R) |
PARSE_GCOL_EXPR |
PRECEDES |
REPLICATE_DO_DB |
REPLICATE_DO_TABLE |
REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB |
REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE |
REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB |
REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE |
REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE |
ROTATE |
STACKED |
STORED (R) |
VALIDATION |
VIRTUAL (R) |
WITHOUT |
XID |
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Table 10.4 Keywords and Reserved Words Removed in MySQL 5.7 Compared to MySQL 5.6
总结
以上是詳解MySQL5.7中的關鍵字與保留字的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!