本篇文章主要介紹了C# NetRemoting實現雙向通信,.Net Remoting 是由客戶端透過Remoting,存取通道以獲得服務端對象,再透過代理解析為客戶端對象來實現通信的
閒來無事想玩玩雙向通信,實現類似QQ的互發訊息的功能。於是乎開始學習.Net Remoting.
.Net Remoting 是由客戶端透過Remoting,存取通道以獲得服務端對象,再透過代理解析為客戶端對象來實現通訊的。也就是說物件是由服務端所建立的。
先上程式碼
首先是ICommand函式庫
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ICommand { public interface IRemotingObject { event SendHandler ClientToServer; event ReceiveHandler ServerToClient; event UserChangedHandler Login; event UserChangedHandler Exit; /// <summary> /// 加法运算 /// </summary> /// <param name="x1">参数1</param> /// <param name="x2">参数2</param> /// <returns></returns> string SUM(int x1, int x2); /// <summary> /// 获取服务端事件列表 /// </summary> Delegate[] GetServerEventList(); /// <summary> /// 发送消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info"></param> /// <param name="toName"></param> void ToServer(object info, string toName); /// <summary> /// 接受信息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info"></param> /// <param name="toName"></param> void ToClient(object info, string toName); void ToLogin(string name); void ToExit(string name); } /// <summary> /// 客户端发送消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info">信息</param> /// <param name="toName">发送给谁,""表示所有人,null表示没有接收服务器自己接收,其他表示指定某人</param> public delegate void SendHandler(object info, string toName); /// <summary> /// 客户端接收消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info">信息</param> /// <param name="toName">发送给谁,""表示所有人,null表示没有接收服务器自己接收,其他表示指定某人</param> public delegate void ReceiveHandler(object info, string toName); /// <summary> /// 用户信息事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">用户名</param> public delegate void UserChangedHandler(string name); }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ICommand { public class SwapObject : MarshalByRefObject { public event ReceiveHandler SwapServerToClient { add { _receive += value; } remove { _receive -= value; } } /// <summary> /// 接受信息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info"></param> /// <param name="toName"></param> public void ToClient(object info, string toName) { if (_receive != null) _receive(info, toName); } //无限生命周期 public override object InitializeLifetimeService() { return null; } private ReceiveHandler _receive; } }
第一個類別就是定義一些介面,和一些委託,沒有實質的東西。
第二個類別是定義了上一個介面類別中的ToClient的事件和方法,作用之後會講到。
然後就是整合ICommand介面的實質的資料類別
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using ICommand; namespace NetRemoting { public class RemotingObject : MarshalByRefObject, IRemotingObject { /// <summary> /// 发送事件 /// </summary> public event SendHandler ClientToServer { add { _send += value; } remove { _send -= value; } } /// <summary> /// 接收消息事件 /// </summary> public event ReceiveHandler ServerToClient; /// <summary> /// 发送事件 /// </summary> public event UserChangedHandler Login { add { _login += value; } remove { _login -= value; } } /// <summary> /// 发送事件 /// </summary> public event UserChangedHandler Exit { add { _exit += value; } remove { _exit -= value; } } /// <summary> /// 加法运算 /// </summary> /// <param name="x1">参数1</param> /// <param name="x2">参数2</param> /// <returns></returns> public string SUM(int x1, int x2) { return x1 + "+" + x2 + "=" + (x1 + x2); } /// <summary> /// 绑定服务端向客户端发送消息的事件方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="receive">接收事件</param> public Delegate[] GetServerEventList() { return this.ServerToClient.GetInvocationList(); } /// <summary> /// 发送消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info"></param> /// <param name="toName"></param> public void ToServer(object info, string toName) { if (_send != null) _send(info, toName); } /// <summary> /// 接收消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info"></param> /// <param name="toName"></param> public void ToClient(object info, string toName) { if (_receive != null) _receive(info, toName); } /// <summary> /// 登录 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">用户名</param> public void ToLogin(string name) { if (!_nameHash.Contains(name)) { _nameHash.Add(name); if (_login != null) _login(name); } else { throw new Exception("用户已存在"); } } /// <summary> /// 退出 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">用户名</param> public void ToExit(string name) { if (_nameHash.Contains(name)) { _nameHash.Remove(name); if (_exit != null) _exit(name); } } private SendHandler _send; private ReceiveHandler _receive; private UserChangedHandler _login; private UserChangedHandler _exit; private HashSet<string> _nameHash = new HashSet<string>(); } }
該類別整合了MarshalByRefObject
由於Remoting傳遞的物件是以引用的方式,因此所傳遞的遠端物件類別必須繼承MarshalByRefObject。 MSDN對MarshalByRefObject的說明是:MarshalByRefObject 是那些透過使用代理交換訊息來跨越應用程式域邊界進行通訊的物件的基底類別。不是從 MarshalByRefObject 繼承的物件會以隱式方式按值封送。當遠端應用程式引用一個按值封送的物件時,將跨越遠端處理邊界傳遞該物件的副本。因為您希望使用代理方法而不是副本方法進行通信,因此需要繼承MarshallByRefObject。
該類別主要是定義了一些方法用於客戶端觸發事件,ToServer,ToClient,ToLogin,ToExit以及一些事件,客戶端發送到服務端的事件,和服務端發送到客戶端的事件。
_nameHash 只是記錄有哪些使用者登入了。
接下去就是客戶端和服務端了。
首先服務端:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Runtime.Remoting; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Http; using NetRemoting; using System.Collections; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters; using ICommand; namespace NetRemotingServer { public partial class Server : Form { public Server() { InitializeComponent(); Initialize(); } /// <summary> /// 注册通道 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Server_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(_channel, false); //RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType(typeof(RemotingObject), "SumMessage", WellKnownObjectMode.Singleton); //a方案 /*将给定的 System.MarshalByRefObject 转换为具有指定 URI 的 System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjRef 类的实例。 ObjRef :存储生成代理以与远程对象通信所需要的所有信息。*/ ObjRef objRef = RemotingServices.Marshal(_remotingObject, "SumMessage");//b方案 _remotingObject.ClientToServer += (info, toName) => { rxtInfo.Invoke((MethodInvoker)(() => { rxtInfo.AppendText(info.ToString() + "\r\n"); })); SendToClient(info, toName); }; _remotingObject.Login += (name) => { rxtInfo.Invoke((MethodInvoker)(() => { rxtInfo.AppendText(name + " 登录" + "\r\n"); })); }; _remotingObject.Exit += (name) => { rxtInfo.Invoke((MethodInvoker)(() => { rxtInfo.AppendText(name + " 退出" + "\r\n"); })); }; } /// <summary> /// 注销通道 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Server_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e) { if (_channel != null) { _channel.StopListening(null); ChannelServices.UnregisterChannel(_channel); } } /// <summary> /// 广播消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SendToClient(txtSend.Text, txtName.Text); } /// <summary> /// 发送消息到客户端 /// </summary> /// <param name="info"></param> /// <param name="toName"></param> private void SendToClient(object info, string toName) { //foreach (var v in _remotingObject.GetServerEventList()) //{ // try // { // ReceiveHandler receive = (ReceiveHandler)v; // receive.BeginInvoke(info, toName, null, null); // } // catch // { } // } _remotingObject.ToClient(txtSend.Text, txtName.Text); } /// <summary> /// 初始化 /// </summary> private void Initialize() { //设置反序列化级别 BinaryServerFormatterSinkProvider serverProvider = new BinaryServerFormatterSinkProvider(); BinaryClientFormatterSinkProvider clientProvider = new BinaryClientFormatterSinkProvider(); serverProvider.TypeFilterLevel = TypeFilterLevel.Full;//支持所有类型的反序列化,级别很高 IDictionary idic = new Dictionary<string, string>(); idic["name"] = "serverHttp"; idic["port"] = "8022"; _channel = new HttpChannel(idic, clientProvider, serverProvider); _remotingObject = new RemotingObject(); } HttpChannel _channel; private RemotingObject _remotingObject; } }
然後客戶端:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Runtime.Remoting; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Http; using ICommand; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters; using System.Collections; namespace NetRemotingClient { public partial class Client : Form { public Client() { InitializeComponent(); } /// <summary> /// 注册通道 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Client_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { //设置反序列化级别 BinaryServerFormatterSinkProvider serverProvider = new BinaryServerFormatterSinkProvider(); BinaryClientFormatterSinkProvider clientProvider = new BinaryClientFormatterSinkProvider(); serverProvider.TypeFilterLevel = TypeFilterLevel.Full;//支持所有类型的反序列化,级别很高 //信道端口 IDictionary idic = new Dictionary<string, string>(); idic["name"] = "clientHttp"; idic["port"] = "0"; HttpChannel channel = new HttpChannel(idic, clientProvider, serverProvider); ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(channel, false); _remotingObject = (IRemotingObject)Activator.GetObject(typeof(IRemotingObject), "http://localhost:8022/SumMessage"); //_remotingObject.ServerToClient += (info, toName) => { rtxMessage.AppendText(info + "\r\n"); }; SwapObject swap = new SwapObject(); _remotingObject.ServerToClient += swap.ToClient; swap.SwapServerToClient += (info, toName) => { rtxMessage.Invoke((MethodInvoker)(() => { if (toName == txtLogin.Text || toName == "") rtxMessage.AppendText(info + "\r\n"); })); }; } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } } /// <summary> /// 登录 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnLogin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { if (txtLogin.Text == "") throw new Exception("用户名不得为空"); _remotingObject.ToLogin(txtLogin.Text); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } } /// <summary> /// 退出 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Client_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e) { try { _remotingObject.ToExit(txtLogin.Text); } catch { } } /// <summary> /// 发送 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //rtxMessage.AppendText(_remotingObject.SUM(2, 4) + "\r\n"); _remotingObject.ToServer(txtSend.Text, txtName.Text); } private IRemotingObject _remotingObject; } }
服務端實作步驟:
##1、註冊通道
要跨越應用程式網域進行通信,必須實現通道。如前所述,Remoting提供了IChannel接口,分別包含TcpChannel和HttpChannel兩種類型的通道。這兩種類型除了效能和序列化資料的格式不同外,實作的方式完全一致,因此下面我們就以TcpChannel為例。 註冊TcpChannel,首先要在專案中加入參考“System.Runtime.Remoting”,然後using名字空間:System.Runtime.Remoting.Channel.Tcp。程式碼如下:TcpChannel channel = new TcpChannel(8022); ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(channel);在實例化通道物件時,將連接埠號碼作為參數傳遞。然後再呼叫
靜態方法RegisterChannel()來註冊該頻道物件即可。
2、註冊遠端對象
註冊了通道後,要能啟動遠端對象,必須在通道中註冊該對象。根據啟動模式的不同,註冊對象的方法也不同。(1) SingleTon模式
對於WellKnown對象,可以透過靜態方法RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType()來實現:RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType( typeof(ServerRemoteObject.ServerObject), "ServiceMessage",WellKnownObjectMode.SingleTon);
( 2)SingleCall模式
註冊物件的方法基本上和SingleTon模式相同,只需要將枚舉參數WellKnownObjectMode改為SingleCall就可以了。RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType( typeof(ServerRemoteObject.ServerObject), "ServiceMessage",WellKnownObjectMode.SingleCall);
客戶端實作步驟:
#1、註冊通道:
TcpChannel channel = new TcpChannel(); ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(channel);注意在客戶端實例化通道時,是呼叫的預設
建構函數,即沒有傳遞連接埠號碼。事實上,這個連接埠號碼是缺一不可的,只不過它的指定被放在後面作為了Uri的一部分。
2、取得遠端物件。
與伺服器端相同,不同的啟動模式決定了客戶端的實作方式也將不同。不過這個差異只是WellKnown啟動模式和客戶端啟動模式的差別,而對於SingleTon和SingleCall模式,客戶端的實作完全相同。(1) WellKnown啟動模式
要取得伺服器端的知名遠端對象,可透過Activator進程的GetObject()方法來取得:ServerRemoteObject.ServerObject serverObj = (ServerRemoteObject.ServerObject)Activator.GetObject( typeof(ServerRemoteObject.ServerObject), "tcp://localhost:8080/ServiceMessage");先以WellKnown模式激活,客戶端取得物件的方法是使用GetObject()。其中參數第一個是遠端物件的類型。第二個參數就是伺服器端的uri。如果是http頻道,自然是用localhost:8022/ServiceMessage了。因為我是用本機,所以這裡是localhost,你可以用特定的伺服器IP位址來取代它。連接埠必須和伺服器端的連接埠一致。後面則是伺服器定義的遠端物件服務名,也就是ApplicationName
屬性的內容。
//设置反序列化级别 BinaryServerFormatterSinkProvider serverProvider = new BinaryServerFormatterSinkProvider(); BinaryClientFormatterSinkProvider clientProvider = new BinaryClientFormatterSinkProvider(); serverProvider.TypeFilterLevel = TypeFilterLevel.Full;//支持所有类型的反序列化,级别很高 //信道端口 IDictionary idic = new Dictionary<string, string>(); idic["name"] = "clientHttp"; idic["port"] = "0"; HttpChannel channel = new HttpChannel(idic, clientProvider, serverProvider);
从上述代码中可以看到注册方式有所变化,那是因为客户端注册服务端的事件时会报错“不允许类型反序列化”。
还有一个需要注意的是:
ObjRef objRef = RemotingServices.Marshal(_remotingObject, "SumMessage"); //RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType(typeof(RemotingObject), "SumMessage", WellKnownObjectMode.Singleton); //调用系统自动创建,导致拿不到_remotingObject对象的实例化,这样后期绑定事件就无法操作下去了,当然也可以直接静态事件绑定,这样就不需要手动实例化对象了
通过该方法手动创建_remotingObject这个对象的实例化。
然后之前讲到了一个SwapObject这个类,这个类的作用是事件交换。
_remotingObject.ServerToClient +=方法(); //这样因为这个方法是客户端的,服务端无法调用,所以需要一个中间转换的 SwapObject swap = new SwapObject();//先创建一个Swap对象 _remotingObject.ServerToClient += swap.ToClient; //然后服务端事件发信息给swap,然后swap再通过事件发消息给客户端,swap是客户端创建的所以可以发送,而swap是服务端的类,所以服务端也能识别,swap起到了中间过渡的作用 swap.SwapServerToClient +=方法();
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