本篇文章主要介紹了C# NetRemoting實現雙向通信,.Net Remoting 是由客戶端透過Remoting,存取通道以獲得服務端物件,再透過代理解析為客戶端物件來實現通訊的
閒來無事想玩玩雙向通信,實現類似QQ的互發訊息的功能。通訊的。 也就是說物件是由服務端建立的。介面
,和一些委託,沒有實質的東西。 ##然後就是集成ICommand介面的實質性的資料類別using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ICommand { public interface IRemotingObject { event SendHandler ClientToServer; event ReceiveHandler ServerToClient; event UserChangedHandler Login; event UserChangedHandler Exit; /// <summary> /// 加法运算 /// </summary> /// <param name="x1">参数1</param> /// <param name="x2">参数2</param> /// <returns></returns> string SUM(int x1, int x2); /// <summary> /// 获取服务端事件列表 /// </summary> Delegate[] GetServerEventList(); /// <summary> /// 发送消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info"></param> /// <param name="toName"></param> void ToServer(object info, string toName); /// <summary> /// 接受信息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info"></param> /// <param name="toName"></param> void ToClient(object info, string toName); void ToLogin(string name); void ToExit(string name); } /// <summary> /// 客户端发送消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info">信息</param> /// <param name="toName">发送给谁,""表示所有人,null表示没有接收服务器自己接收,其他表示指定某人</param> public delegate void SendHandler(object info, string toName); /// <summary> /// 客户端接收消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info">信息</param> /// <param name="toName">发送给谁,""表示所有人,null表示没有接收服务器自己接收,其他表示指定某人</param> public delegate void ReceiveHandler(object info, string toName); /// <summary> /// 用户信息事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">用户名</param> public delegate void UserChangedHandler(string name); }該類別整合了MarshalByRefObject#由於Remoting傳遞的物件是以
引用
的方式,因此所傳遞的遠端物件類別必須using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ICommand { public class SwapObject : MarshalByRefObject { public event ReceiveHandler SwapServerToClient { add { _receive += value; } remove { _receive -= value; } } /// <summary> /// 接受信息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info"></param> /// <param name="toName"></param> public void ToClient(object info, string toName) { if (_receive != null) _receive(info, toName); } //无限生命周期 public override object InitializeLifetimeService() { return null; } private ReceiveHandler _receive; } }然後客戶端:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using ICommand; namespace NetRemoting { public class RemotingObject : MarshalByRefObject, IRemotingObject { /// <summary> /// 发送事件 /// </summary> public event SendHandler ClientToServer { add { _send += value; } remove { _send -= value; } } /// <summary> /// 接收消息事件 /// </summary> public event ReceiveHandler ServerToClient; /// <summary> /// 发送事件 /// </summary> public event UserChangedHandler Login { add { _login += value; } remove { _login -= value; } } /// <summary> /// 发送事件 /// </summary> public event UserChangedHandler Exit { add { _exit += value; } remove { _exit -= value; } } /// <summary> /// 加法运算 /// </summary> /// <param name="x1">参数1</param> /// <param name="x2">参数2</param> /// <returns></returns> public string SUM(int x1, int x2) { return x1 + "+" + x2 + "=" + (x1 + x2); } /// <summary> /// 绑定服务端向客户端发送消息的事件方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="receive">接收事件</param> public Delegate[] GetServerEventList() { return this.ServerToClient.GetInvocationList(); } /// <summary> /// 发送消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info"></param> /// <param name="toName"></param> public void ToServer(object info, string toName) { if (_send != null) _send(info, toName); } /// <summary> /// 接收消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="info"></param> /// <param name="toName"></param> public void ToClient(object info, string toName) { if (_receive != null) _receive(info, toName); } /// <summary> /// 登录 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">用户名</param> public void ToLogin(string name) { if (!_nameHash.Contains(name)) { _nameHash.Add(name); if (_login != null) _login(name); } else { throw new Exception("用户已存在"); } } /// <summary> /// 退出 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">用户名</param> public void ToExit(string name) { if (_nameHash.Contains(name)) { _nameHash.Remove(name); if (_exit != null) _exit(name); } } private SendHandler _send; private ReceiveHandler _receive; private UserChangedHandler _login; private UserChangedHandler _exit; private HashSet<string> _nameHash = new HashSet<string>(); } }
服務端實作步驟:
1、註冊通道 要跨越應用程式域進行通信,必須實現通道。如前所述,Remoting提供了IChannel接口,分別包含TcpChannel和HttpChannel兩種類型的通道。這兩種類型除了效能和序列化資料的格式不同外,實作的方式完全一致,因此下面我們就以TcpChannel為例。
註冊TcpChannel,首先要在專案中加入參考“System.Runtime.Remoting”,然後using名字空間:System.Runtime.Remoting.Channel.Tcp。程式碼如下:using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Runtime.Remoting; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Http; using NetRemoting; using System.Collections; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters; using ICommand; namespace NetRemotingServer { public partial class Server : Form { public Server() { InitializeComponent(); Initialize(); } /// <summary> /// 注册通道 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Server_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(_channel, false); //RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType(typeof(RemotingObject), "SumMessage", WellKnownObjectMode.Singleton); //a方案 /*将给定的 System.MarshalByRefObject 转换为具有指定 URI 的 System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjRef 类的实例。 ObjRef :存储生成代理以与远程对象通信所需要的所有信息。*/ ObjRef objRef = RemotingServices.Marshal(_remotingObject, "SumMessage");//b方案 _remotingObject.ClientToServer += (info, toName) => { rxtInfo.Invoke((MethodInvoker)(() => { rxtInfo.AppendText(info.ToString() + "\r\n"); })); SendToClient(info, toName); }; _remotingObject.Login += (name) => { rxtInfo.Invoke((MethodInvoker)(() => { rxtInfo.AppendText(name + " 登录" + "\r\n"); })); }; _remotingObject.Exit += (name) => { rxtInfo.Invoke((MethodInvoker)(() => { rxtInfo.AppendText(name + " 退出" + "\r\n"); })); }; } /// <summary> /// 注销通道 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Server_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e) { if (_channel != null) { _channel.StopListening(null); ChannelServices.UnregisterChannel(_channel); } } /// <summary> /// 广播消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SendToClient(txtSend.Text, txtName.Text); } /// <summary> /// 发送消息到客户端 /// </summary> /// <param name="info"></param> /// <param name="toName"></param> private void SendToClient(object info, string toName) { //foreach (var v in _remotingObject.GetServerEventList()) //{ // try // { // ReceiveHandler receive = (ReceiveHandler)v; // receive.BeginInvoke(info, toName, null, null); // } // catch // { } // } _remotingObject.ToClient(txtSend.Text, txtName.Text); } /// <summary> /// 初始化 /// </summary> private void Initialize() { //设置反序列化级别 BinaryServerFormatterSinkProvider serverProvider = new BinaryServerFormatterSinkProvider(); BinaryClientFormatterSinkProvider clientProvider = new BinaryClientFormatterSinkProvider(); serverProvider.TypeFilterLevel = TypeFilterLevel.Full;//支持所有类型的反序列化,级别很高 IDictionary idic = new Dictionary<string, string>(); idic["name"] = "serverHttp"; idic["port"] = "8022"; _channel = new HttpChannel(idic, clientProvider, serverProvider); _remotingObject = new RemotingObject(); } HttpChannel _channel; private RemotingObject _remotingObject; } }
方法RegisterChannel()來註冊該頻道物件即可。
2、註冊遠端對象註冊了通道後,要能啟動遠端對象,必須在通道中註冊該對象。根據啟動模式的不同,註冊對象的方法也不同。
(1) SingleTon模式對於WellKnown對象,可以透過靜態方法RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType()來實現:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Runtime.Remoting; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Http; using ICommand; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters; using System.Collections; namespace NetRemotingClient { public partial class Client : Form { public Client() { InitializeComponent(); } /// <summary> /// 注册通道 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Client_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { //设置反序列化级别 BinaryServerFormatterSinkProvider serverProvider = new BinaryServerFormatterSinkProvider(); BinaryClientFormatterSinkProvider clientProvider = new BinaryClientFormatterSinkProvider(); serverProvider.TypeFilterLevel = TypeFilterLevel.Full;//支持所有类型的反序列化,级别很高 //信道端口 IDictionary idic = new Dictionary<string, string>(); idic["name"] = "clientHttp"; idic["port"] = "0"; HttpChannel channel = new HttpChannel(idic, clientProvider, serverProvider); ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(channel, false); _remotingObject = (IRemotingObject)Activator.GetObject(typeof(IRemotingObject), "http://localhost:8022/SumMessage"); //_remotingObject.ServerToClient += (info, toName) => { rtxMessage.AppendText(info + "\r\n"); }; SwapObject swap = new SwapObject(); _remotingObject.ServerToClient += swap.ToClient; swap.SwapServerToClient += (info, toName) => { rtxMessage.Invoke((MethodInvoker)(() => { if (toName == txtLogin.Text || toName == "") rtxMessage.AppendText(info + "\r\n"); })); }; } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } } /// <summary> /// 登录 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnLogin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { if (txtLogin.Text == "") throw new Exception("用户名不得为空"); _remotingObject.ToLogin(txtLogin.Text); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } } /// <summary> /// 退出 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Client_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e) { try { _remotingObject.ToExit(txtLogin.Text); } catch { } } /// <summary> /// 发送 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //rtxMessage.AppendText(_remotingObject.SUM(2, 4) + "\r\n"); _remotingObject.ToServer(txtSend.Text, txtName.Text); } private IRemotingObject _remotingObject; } }
( 2)SingleCall模式
註冊物件的方法基本上和SingleTon模式相同,只需要將枚舉參數WellKnownObjectMode改為SingleCall就可以了。
TcpChannel channel = new TcpChannel(8022); ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(channel);客戶端實作
步驟:
1、註冊通道:
RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType( typeof(ServerRemoteObject.ServerObject), "ServiceMessage",WellKnownObjectMode.SingleTon);注意在客戶端實例化通道時,是呼叫的預設建構子,即沒有傳遞連接埠號碼。事實上,這個連接埠號碼是缺一不可的,只不過它的指定被放在後面作為了Uri的一部分。
2、取得遠端物件。
與伺服器端相同,不同的啟動模式決定了客戶端的實作方式也將不同。不過這個差異只是WellKnown啟動模式和客戶端啟動模式的差別,而對於SingleTon和SingleCall模式,客戶端的實作完全相同。(1) WellKnown啟動模式
要取得伺服器端的知名遠端對象,可透過Activator進程的GetObject()方法來取得: 首先以WellKnown模式激活,客户端获得对象的方法是使用GetObject()。其中参数第一个是远程对象的类型。第二个参数就是服务器端的uri。如果是http通道,自然是用http://localhost:8022/ServiceMessage了。因为我是用本地机,所以这里是localhost,你可以用具体的服务器IP地址来代替它。端口必须和服务器端的端口一致。后面则是服务器定义的远程对象服务名,即ApplicationName属性的内容。 从上述代码中可以看到注册方式有所变化,那是因为客户端注册服务端的事件时会报错“不允许类型反序列化”。 还有一个需要注意的是: 通过该方法手动创建_remotingObject这个对象的实例化。 然后之前讲到了一个SwapObject这个类,这个类的作用是事件交换。ServerRemoteObject.ServerObject serverObj = (ServerRemoteObject.ServerObject)Activator.GetObject(
typeof(ServerRemoteObject.ServerObject), "tcp://localhost:8080/ServiceMessage");
//设置反序列化级别
BinaryServerFormatterSinkProvider serverProvider = new BinaryServerFormatterSinkProvider();
BinaryClientFormatterSinkProvider clientProvider = new BinaryClientFormatterSinkProvider();
serverProvider.TypeFilterLevel = TypeFilterLevel.Full;//支持所有类型的反序列化,级别很高
//信道端口
IDictionary idic = new Dictionary<string, string>();
idic["name"] = "clientHttp";
idic["port"] = "0";
HttpChannel channel = new HttpChannel(idic, clientProvider, serverProvider);
ObjRef objRef = RemotingServices.Marshal(_remotingObject, "SumMessage");
//RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType(typeof(RemotingObject), "SumMessage", WellKnownObjectMode.Singleton);
//调用系统自动创建,导致拿不到_remotingObject对象的实例化,这样后期绑定事件就无法操作下去了,当然也可以直接静态事件绑定,这样就不需要手动实例化对象了
_remotingObject.ServerToClient +=方法();
//这样因为这个方法是客户端的,服务端无法调用,所以需要一个中间转换的
SwapObject swap = new SwapObject();//先创建一个Swap对象
_remotingObject.ServerToClient += swap.ToClient;
//然后服务端事件发信息给swap,然后swap再通过事件发消息给客户端,swap是客户端创建的所以可以发送,而swap是服务端的类,所以服务端也能识别,swap起到了中间过渡的作用
swap.SwapServerToClient +=方法();
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