.NET框架-雙向鍊錶（LinkedList）程式碼分析（圖）
- 黄舟原創
- 2017-03-18 11:37:113281瀏覽
.NET框架中的LinkList，實作的是雙向鍊錶，總結下它的實作原始碼。
先看下LinkedList提供的公有屬性與方法的導圖：
1 LinkedList實作的介面：
public class LinkedList<T> : ICollection<T>, ICollection, IReadOnlyCollection<T>, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback
2 LinkedList的全域變數包括，
# #是封裝的類別內頭節點;
// This LinkedList is a doubly-Linked circular list.
internal LinkedListNode<T> head;
internal int count;
internal int version;
private object _syncRoot;
//A temporary variable which we need during deserialization.
private SerializationInfo _siInfo;
// names for serialization
private const string VersionName = "Version";
private const string CountName = "Count";
private const string ValuesName = "Data";封裝的每個節點的資料結構為：
public sealed class LinkedListNode<T>
{ public LinkedListNode(T value);
//获取LinkedListNode所属的LinkedList
public LinkedList<T> List { get; }
public LinkedListNode<T> Next { get; }
public LinkedListNode<T> Previous { get; }
//获取节点中包含的值。
public T Value { get; set; }
}3 建構子
：
public LinkedList() //默认的构造函数
{
} //带有参数的
public LinkedList(IEnumerable<T> collection)
{ if (collection == null)
{ throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(collection));
} foreach (T item in collection)
{
AddLast(item);
}
}在建構IEnumerable類型的collection時，用到了AddLast(T)方法，它還有一個
重載，工作細節如下：
public LinkedListNode<T> AddLast(T value)
{
LinkedListNode<T> result = new LinkedListNode<T>(this, value);
if (head == null)
{
InternalInsertNodeToEmptyList(result);
} else
{
InternalInsertNodeBefore(head, result);
} return result;
}
public void AddLast(LinkedListNode<T> node)
{
ValidateNewNode(node);
if (head == null)
{
InternalInsertNodeToEmptyList(node);
} else
{
InternalInsertNodeBefore(head, node);
}
node.list = this; //结合LinkedListNode看
}以上2個方法，語意是插入某個節點，
分插入新節點到空list中，InternalInsertNodeToEmptyList插入新節點到不為空的list中，InternalInsertNodeBefore，並且給出在哪個節點前插入newNode，還判斷了新插入的節點是不是一個有效的新節點。
internal void ValidateNewNode(LinkedListNode<T> node)
{ if (node == null)
{ throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(node));
} if (node.list != null)
{ throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.LinkedListNodeIsAttached);
}
}同時，也給出判斷一個節點是不是有效節點：
internal void ValidateNode(LinkedListNode<T> node)
{ if (node == null)
{ throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(node));
} if (node.list != this)
{ throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.ExternalLinkedListNode);
}
}這是雙向鍊錶比較重要的內部方法，
InternalInsertNodeToEmptyList的實作細節：
private void InternalInsertNodeToEmptyList(LinkedListNode<T> newNode)
{
Debug.Assert(head == null && count == 0, "LinkedList must be empty when this method is called!");
newNode.next = newNode;
newNode.prev = newNode;
head = newNode;
version++;
count++;
}InternalInsertNodeBefore的實作細節： private void InternalInsertNodeBefore(LinkedListNode<T> node, LinkedListNode<T> newNode)
{
newNode.next = node;
newNode.prev = node.prev;
node.prev.next = newNode;
node.prev = newNode;
version++;
count++;
}4 鍊錶自然離不開插入某個節點的公有方法，
public LinkedListNode<T> AddAfter(LinkedListNode<T> node, T value)
{
ValidateNode(node);
LinkedListNode<T> result = new LinkedListNode<T>(node.list, value);
InternalInsertNodeBefore(node.next, result); return result;
} public void AddAfter(LinkedListNode<T> node, LinkedListNode<T> newNode)
{
ValidateNode(node);
ValidateNewNode(newNode);
InternalInsertNodeBefore(node.next, newNode);
newNode.list = this;
} public LinkedListNode<T> AddBefore(LinkedListNode<T> node, T value)
{
ValidateNode(node);
LinkedListNode<T> result = new LinkedListNode<T>(node.list, value);
InternalInsertNodeBefore(node, result); if (node == head)
{
head = result;
} return result;
} public void AddBefore(LinkedListNode<T> node, LinkedListNode<T> newNode)
{
ValidateNode(node);
ValidateNewNode(newNode);
InternalInsertNodeBefore(node, newNode);
newNode.list = this; if (node == head)
{
head = newNode;
}
} public LinkedListNode<T> AddFirst(T value)
{
LinkedListNode<T> result = new LinkedListNode<T>(this, value);
if (head == null)
{
InternalInsertNodeToEmptyList(result);
} else
{
InternalInsertNodeBefore(head, result);
head = result;
} return result;
} public void AddFirst(LinkedListNode<T> node)
{
ValidateNewNode(node); if (head == null)
{
InternalInsertNodeToEmptyList(node);
} else
{
InternalInsertNodeBefore(head, node);
head = node;
}
node.list = this;
} public LinkedListNode<T> AddLast(T value)
{
LinkedListNode<T> result = new LinkedListNode<T>(this, value);
if (head == null)
{
InternalInsertNodeToEmptyList(result);
} else
{
InternalInsertNodeBefore(head, result);
} return result;
} public void AddLast(LinkedListNode<T> node)
{
ValidateNewNode(node); if (head == null)
{
InternalInsertNodeToEmptyList(node);
} else
{
InternalInsertNodeBefore(head, node);
}
node.list = this;
}5 再看下，清除鍊錶所有節點，此處是設定所有節點不在指向記憶體堆，然後等GC回收， public void Clear()
{
LinkedListNode<T> current = head;
while (current != null)
{
LinkedListNode<T> temp = current;
current = current.Next;
// use Next the instead of "next", otherwise it will loop forever
temp.Invalidate();
}
head = null;
count = 0;
version++;
}6 與只相對應的是移除某個節點的一些列接口，與添加類似，不再贅述，
Clear裡面呼叫了Invalidate()，實作很簡單： internal void Invalidate()
{
list = null;
next = null;
prev = null;
}7 判斷某個節點值為value的存在性，裡面呼叫
public bool Contains(T value)
{ return Find(value) != null;
}## #Find方法實作細節，類似的###API###還有FindLast，因為是雙向鍊錶，所以從尾部開始遍歷鍊錶即可，### public LinkedListNode<T> Find(T value)
{
LinkedListNode<T> node = head;
//调用默认相等比较器
EqualityComparer<T> c = EqualityComparer<T>.Default;
if (node != null)//链表为null
{
if (value != null)
{
do
{
if (c.Equals(node.item, value)) //Equals：某个节点node的item与value相等
{
return node;
}
node = node.next;
} while (node != head);
}
else
{
do
{
if (node.item == null)
{
return node;
}
node = node.next;
} while (node != head);
}
} return null; //链表为null，直接返回null
}###8 再看一個複製資料到###陣列###的實作：### public void CopyTo(T[] array, int index)
{
if (array == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(array));
}
if (index < 0)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), index, SR.ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum);
}
if (index > array.Length)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), index, SR.ArgumentOutOfRange_BiggerThanCollection);
}
if (array.Length - index < Count)
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.Arg_InsufficientSpace);
}
LinkedListNode<T> node = head;
if (node != null)
{
do
{
array[index++] = node.item;
node = node.next;
} while (node != head); //双向链表，再次遍历到头结点时
}
}######以上是.NET框架-雙向鍊錶（LinkedList）程式碼分析（圖）的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！