在網路時代,xml檔案扮演了一個保存和傳輸資料的角色。 Soap協定透過Xml交流訊息,資料庫透過Xml檔案存取等等。那麼怎樣快速的從一個XML檔案中取得所需的資訊呢?
我們知道,java的JAXP中和Microsoft.Net都有Xml分析器,Microsoft.Net是邊讀邊分析,而JAXP是讀到記憶體然後才進行分析(還有一種是事件機制去讀),總而言之,是不利於快速讀取。基於此,Microsoft.Net 和JAXP都提供了XPATH機制,快速定位到XML檔案中所需的節點。
例如有一個XML檔:booksort.xml:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- a fragment of a book store inventory database --> <bookstore xmlns:bk="urn:samples"> <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1997" bk:ISBN="1-861001-57-8"> <title>PRide And Prejudice</title> <author> <first-name>Jane</first-name> <last-name>Austen</last-name> </author> <price>24.95</price> </book> <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1992" bk:ISBN="1-861002-30-1"> <title>The Handmaid's Tale</title> <author> <first-name>Margaret</first-name> <last-name>Atwood</last-name> </author> <price>29.95</price> </book> <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1991" bk:ISBN="1-861001-57-6"> <title>Emma</title> <author> <first-name>Jane</first-name> <last-name>Austen</last-name> </author> <price>19.95</price> </book> <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1982" bk:ISBN="1-861001-45-3"> <title>Sense and Sensibility</title> <author> <first-name>Jane</first-name> <last-name>Austen</last-name> </author> <price>19.95</price> </book> </bookstore>
如果我們想要快速找到”last-name”等於”Austen”的所有標題名,可以透過以下方法可以得到:
XmlReaderSample.cs //Corelib.net/System.Xml.Xsl/XPathDocument Class //Author :Any using System; using System.IO; using System.Xml; using System.Xml.XPath; public class XmlReaderSample { public static void Main() { XmlTextReader myxtreader = new XmlTextReader("booksort.xml"); XmlReader myxreader = myxtreader; XPathDocument doc = new XPathDocument(myxreader); XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator(); XPathExpression expr; expr = nav.Compile("descendant::book[author/last-name='Austen']"); //expr.AddSort("title", XmlSortOrder.Ascending, XmlCaSEOrder.None, "", XmlDataType.Text); XPathNodeIterator iterator = nav.Select(expr); while (iterator.MoveNext()) { XPathNavigator nav2 = iterator.Current; nav2.MoveToFirstChild(); Console.WriteLine("Book title: {0}", nav2.Value); } } }
執行這個程序,結果為:
Book title: Pride And Prejudice Book title: Emma Book title: Sense and Sensibility
可以看到查找正確。
利用XPATH中的一些功能,也可以實現簡單的排序和簡單運算。如在資料庫中經常要對資料進行匯總,就可用XPATH實作。
如:
order.xml <!--Represents a customer order--> <order> <book ISBN='10-861003-324'> <title>The Handmaid's Tale</title> <price>19.95</price> </book> <cd ISBN='2-3631-4'> <title>Americana</title> <price>16.95</price> </cd> </order>
和:books.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- This file represents a fragment of a book store inventory database --> <bookstore> <book cc="dd" xmlns:bk="urn:sample" xmlns:ns="http://www.Any.com" genre="autobiography" publicationdate="1981" ISBN="1-861003-11-0"> <title>The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin</title> <ns:author> <first-name>Benjamin</first-name> <last-name>Franklin</last-name> </ns:author> <price>8.99</price> </book> <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1967" ISBN="0-201-63361-2"> <title>The Confidence Man</title> <author> <first-name>Herman</first-name> <last-name>Melville</last-name> </author> <price>11.99</price> </book> <book genre="philosophy" publicationdate="1991" ISBN="1-861001-57-6"> <title>The Gorgias</title> <author> <name>Plato</name> </author> <price>9.99</price> </book> </bookstore>
我們可以對該XML檔案中的price求和,以得到價格總數。
Evaluate.cs //Corelib.net/System.Xml.Xsl/XPathNavigator Class //Author :Any using System; using System.IO; using System.Xml; using System.Xml.XPath; public class EvaluateSample { public static void Main() { EvaluateSample myEvaluateSample = new EvaluateSample(); myEvaluateSample.test("books.xml"); } public void test(String args) { try { //test Evaluate(String); XPathDocument myXPathDocument = new XPathDocument(args); XPathNavigator myXPathNavigator = myXPathDocument.CreateNavigator(); Console.WriteLine(myXPathNavigator.Evaluate("sum(descendant::book/price)")); //testEvaluate(XPathExpression); XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load("order.xml"); XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator(); XPathExpression expr = nav.Compile("sum(//price/text())"); Console.WriteLine(nav.Evaluate(expr)); //testEvaluate(XPathExpression); XPathNodeIterator myXPathNodeIterator = nav.Select("descendant::book/title"); expr = nav.Compile("sum(//price/text())"); Console.WriteLine(nav.Evaluate(expr,myXPathNodeIterator)); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine ("Exception: {0}", e.ToString()); } } }
執行這個程序,結果如下:
30.97 36.9 36.9
我們可以看到,30.97是books.xml中所有price值的總和,而36.9則是order.xml中所有price值的總和。透過XPAH不僅可以快速找到訊息,而且還可以對資訊進行一些基本的處理。
以上就是教你怎麼快速從一個XML檔案中找到資訊的詳細介紹的內容,更多相關內容請關注PHP中文網(www.php.cn)!