multiprocessing模組是python庫中最高級和功能最強大的模組之一。本文就來跟大家簡單講講multiprocessing一般性技巧
進程是由系統自己管理的。
1:最基本的寫法
from multiprocessing import Pool def f(x): return x*x if __name__ == '__main__': p = Pool(5) print(p.map(f, [1, 2, 3])) [1, 4, 9]
#2、實際上是透過os.fork的方法產生進程的
unix中,所有進程都是透過fork的方法產生的。
multiprocessing Process os info(title): title , __name__ (os, ): , os.getppid() , os.getpid() f(name): info() , name __name__ == : info() p = Process(=f, =(,)) p.start() p.join()
3、線程共享記憶體
#threading run(info_list,n): info_list.append(n) info_list __name__ == : info=[] i (): p=threading.Thread(=run,=[info,i]) p.start() [0] [0, 1] [0, 1, 2] [0, 1, 2, 3] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]##進程不共享記憶體:
multiprocessing Process run(info_list,n): info_list.append(n) info_list __name__ == : info=[] i (): p=Process(=run,=[info,i]) p.start() [1] [2] [3] [0] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]若想共享內存,需使用multiprocessing模組中的Queue
multiprocessing Process, Queue f(q,n): q.put([n,]) __name__ == : q=Queue() i (): p=Process(=f,=(q,i)) p.start() : q.get()4、鎖定:僅是對於螢幕的共享,因為進程是獨立的,所以對於多進程沒有用
multiprocessing Process, Lock f(l, i): l.acquire() , i l.release() __name__ == : lock = Lock() num (): Process(=f, =(lock, num)).start() hello world 0 hello world 1 hello world 2 hello world 3 hello world 4 hello world 5 hello world 6 hello world 7 hello world 8 hello world 95、進程間記憶體共享:Value,Array
multiprocessing Process, Value, Array f(n, a): n.value = i ((a)): a[i] = -a[i] __name__ == : num = Value(, ) arr = Array(, ()) num.value arr[:] p = Process(=f, =(num, arr)) p.start() p.join() 0.0 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] 3.1415927 [0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]#manager共享方法,但速度慢
multiprocessing Process, Manager f(d, l): d[] = d[] = d[] = l.reverse() __name__ == : manager = Manager() d = manager.dict() l = manager.list(()) p = Process(=f, =(d, l)) p.start() p.join() d l # print '-------------'这里只是另一种写法 # print pool.map(f,range(10)) {0.25: None, 1: '1', '2': 2} [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]#非同步:這種寫法用的不多
multiprocessing Pool time f(x): x*x time.sleep() x*x __name__ == : pool=Pool(=) res_list=[] i (): res=pool.apply_async(f,[i]) res_list.append(res) r res_list: r.get(timeout=10) #超时时间同步的就是apply更多簡單談談python中的多進程相關文章請關注PHP中文網!