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Python開發【Django】：組合搜尋、JSONP、XSS過濾

高洛峰

Feb 22, 2017 am 10:37 AM

python開發

1、簡單實作

關聯檔：

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index.html/$',views.index),
    url(r'^article/(?P<article_type>\d+)-(?P<category>\d+).html/$',views.article)
]

url.py</category></article_type>

nbsp;html>


    <meta>
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .condition a{
            display:inline-block;
            padding: 3px 5px;
            border: 1px solid black;
        }
        .condition a.active{
            background-color: brown;
        }
    </style>


    <h2 id="过滤条件">过滤条件</h2>


    <div>
        {% if kwargs.article_type == 0 %}
            <a>全部</a>
        {% else %}
            <a>全部</a>
        {% endif %}

        {% for row in article_type %}
            {% if row.id == kwargs.article_type %}
                <a>{{ row.caption }}</a>
            {% else %}
                <a>{{ row.caption }}</a>
            {% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
    </div>

    <div>
        {% if kwargs.category == 0 %}
            <a>全部</a>
        {% else %}
            <a>全部</a>
        {% endif %}

        {% for row in category %}
            {% if row.id == kwargs.category %}
                <a>{{ row.caption }}</a>
            {% else %}
                <a>{{ row.caption }}</a>
            {% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
    </div>

    <h2 id="查询结果">查询结果</h2>

{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}------[{{ row.article_type.caption }}]-[{{ row.category.caption }}]

article.html

資料庫結構：

from django.db import models
 
# Create your models here.
 
class Categoery(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)
 
class ArticleType(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)
 
class Article(models.Model):
 
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    content = models.CharField(max_length=255)
 
    category = models.ForeignKey(Categoery)
    article_type = models.ForeignKey(ArticleType)

處理檔：

from . import  models
def article(request,*args,**kwargs):
 
    search_dict = {}
    for key,value in kwargs.items():
        kwargs[key] = int(value)        # 把字符类型转化为int类型 方便前端做if a == b  这样的比较
        if value !='0':
            search_dict[key] = value
    articles = models.Article.objects.filter(**search_dict) # 字典为空时表示搜索所有
 
    article_type = models.ArticleType.objects.all()
    category = models.Categoery.objects.all()
 
    return render(request,'article.html',{'articles':articles,
                                          'article_type':article_type,
                                         'category':category ,
                                          'kwargs':kwargs})

註：實作此功能並不難，最重要的是理清裡面的思路；首先要確定url訪問路徑格式http://127.0.0.1:8000/article/0-0.html ，第一個0表示article_type字段，第二個0表示category字段，如果為零時，表示搜索此字段全部信息，確認好這個，是成功的第一步，處理文件上有檢索的處理；第二個關鍵點是生成字典search_dict進行相關的搜索，如果是0表示搜尋全部；第三個關鍵點，也是很巧妙的一個方式，把參數kwargs再次傳到前端，簡直神來之筆！

2、另一種嘗試（載入記憶體調優）

#由於ArticleType類型是部落格定死的數據，後期不會做變動，可以把資料載入到記憶體當中，加快查詢速度

nbsp;html>


    <meta>
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .condition a{
            display:inline-block;
            padding: 3px 5px;
            border: 1px solid black;
        }
        .condition a.active{
            background-color: brown;
        }
    </style>


    <h2 id="过滤条件">过滤条件</h2>

    <div>
        {% if kwargs.article_type_id == 0 %}
            <a>全部</a>
        {% else %}
            <a>全部</a>
        {% endif %}

        {% for row in article_type%}
            {% if row.0 == kwargs.article_type_id %}
                <a>{{ row.1 }}</a>
            {% else %}
                <a>{{ row.1 }}</a>
            {% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
    </div>

    <div>
        {% if kwargs.category_id == 0 %}
            <a>全部</a>
        {% else %}
            <a>全部</a>
        {% endif %}

        {% for row in category %}
            {% if row.id == kwargs.category_id %}
                <a>{{ row.caption }}</a>
            {% else %}
                <a>{{ row.caption }}</a>
            {% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
    </div>

    <h2 id="查询结果">查询结果</h2>

{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}------[{{ row.article_type }}]-[{{ row.category.caption }}]

article.html

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

def index(request):


    return HttpResponse('Ok')


from . import  models
def article(request,*args,**kwargs):

    search_dict = {}
    for key,value in kwargs.items():
        kwargs[key] = int(value)        # 把字符类型转化为int类型 方便前端做if a == b  这样的比较
        if value !='0':
            search_dict[key] = value
    print(kwargs)
    articles = models.Article.objects.filter(**search_dict) # 字典为空时表示搜索所有

    article_type = models.Article.type_choice

    print(article_type)
    category = models.Categoery.objects.all()

    return render(request,'article.html',{'articles':articles,
                                          'article_type':article_type,
                                         'category':category ,
                                          'kwargs':kwargs})

处理文件.py

資料庫檔案：

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Categoery(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)
 
# class ArticleType(models.Model):
#     caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)
 
class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    content = models.CharField(max_length=255)
 
    category = models.ForeignKey(Categoery)
    # article_type = models.ForeignKey(ArticleType)
    type_choice  = [
        (1,'Python'),
        (2,'Linux'),
        (3,'大数据'),
        (4,'架构'),
    ]
    article_type_id = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choice)

3、利用simple_tag把程式碼優化

關聯檔：

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Categoery(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)

class ArticleType(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    content = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    category = models.ForeignKey(Categoery)
    article_type = models.ForeignKey(ArticleType)
    # type_choice  = [
    #     (1,'Python'),
    #     (2,'Linux'),
    #     (3,'大数据'),
    #     (4,'架构'),
    # ]
    # article_type_id = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choice)

数据库文件.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

def index(request):


    return HttpResponse('Ok')


from . import models
def article(request, *args, **kwargs):
    search_dict = {}
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        kwargs[key] = int(value)  # 把字符类型转化为int类型 方便前端做if a == b  这样的比较
        if value != '0':
            search_dict[key] = value
    articles = models.Article.objects.filter(**search_dict)  # 字典为空时表示搜索所有

    article_type = models.ArticleType.objects.all()

    print(article_type)
    category = models.Categoery.objects.all()


    return render(request, 'article.html', {'articles': articles,
                                            'article_type': article_type,
                                            'category': category,
                                            'kwargs': kwargs})

处理文件.py

{% load filter %}
nbsp;html>


    <meta>
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .condition a{
            display:inline-block;
            padding: 3px 5px;
            border: 1px solid black;
        }
        .condition a.active{
            background-color: brown;
        }
    </style>


    <h2 id="过滤条件">过滤条件</h2>
    <div>
        {% filter_all  kwargs 'article_type'%}

        {% filter_single article_type kwargs 'article_type'%}
    </div>
    <div>
        {% filter_all  kwargs 'category'%}
        {% filter_single category kwargs 'category'%}
    </div>

    <h2 id="查询结果">查询结果</h2>

{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}------[{{ row.article_type.caption }}]-[{{ row.category.caption }}]

article.html

建立templatetags目錄，在目錄下建立filter.py檔：

from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
register = template.Library()
 
@register.simple_tag
def filter_all(kwargs,type_str):
    print(type_str)
    if type_str == 'article_type':
        if kwargs['article_type'] == 0:
            tmp = '<a> 全部 </a>'%(kwargs['category'])
        else:
            tmp = '<a> 全部 </a>'%(kwargs['category'])
 
    elif type_str == 'category':
        if kwargs['category'] == 0:
            tmp = '<a> 全部 </a>' % (kwargs['article_type'])
        else:
            tmp = '<a> 全部 </a>' % (kwargs['article_type'])
 
    return mark_safe(tmp)
 
@register.simple_tag()
def filter_single(type_obj,kwargs,type_str):
 
    print(type_str)
    tmp = ''
    if type_str == 'article_type':
        for row in type_obj:
            if row.id == kwargs['article_type']:
                tag = '<a>%s</a>\n'%(row.id,kwargs['category'],row.caption)
            else:
                tag = '<a>%s</a>\n' % (row.id, kwargs['category'],row.caption)
            tmp +=tag
    elif type_str == 'category':
        for row in type_obj:
            if row.id == kwargs['category']:
                tag = '<a>%s</a>\n' % (kwargs['article_type'],row.id, row.caption)
            else:
                tag = '<a>%s</a>\n' % (kwargs['article_type'], row.id, row.caption)
            tmp += tag
 
    return mark_safe(tmp)

HTML檔案主體內容：

{% load filter %}

    <h2 id="过滤条件">过滤条件</h2>
    <div>
        {% filter_all  kwargs 'article_type'%}
 
        {% filter_single article_type kwargs 'article_type'%}
    </div>
    <div>
        {% filter_all  kwargs 'category'%}
        {% filter_single category kwargs 'category'%}
    </div>
 
    <h2 id="查询结果">查询结果</h2>

{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}------[{{ row.article_type.caption }}]-[{{ row.category.caption }}]

JSONP

　　JSONP(JSON with Padding)是JSON的一種「使用模式”，可用於解決主流瀏覽器的跨域資料存取的問題。由於同源策略，一般來說位於 server1.example.com 的網頁無法與不是 server1.example.com的伺服器溝通，而 HTML 的<script> 元素是例外。利用 <script> 元素的這個開放策略，網頁可以得到從其他來源動態產生的 JSON 資料，而這個使用模式就是所謂的 JSONP。用 JSONP 抓到的資料不是 JSON，而是任意的JavaScript，用 JavaScript 直譯器執行而不是用 JSON 解析器解析。 </script>

原理：

- 建立script標籤

- src=遠端位址

- 傳回的資料必須是js格式

-只能發GET請求

1、什麼是同源策略？

處理文件：

import requests
def jsonp(request):
    # 获取url信息
    response = requests.get(&#39;http://weatherapi.market.xiaomi.com/wtr-v2/weather?cityId=101121301&#39;)
    response.encoding = &#39;utf-8&#39;     # 进行编码
 
    return render(request,&#39;jsonp.html&#39;,{&#39;result&#39;:response.text})  # response.text 请求内容

HTML檔案：

<body>
    <h1 id="后台获取的结果">后台获取的结果</h1>
    {{ result }}
    <h1 id="js直接获取结果">js直接获取结果</h1>
    <input type="button" value="获取数据" onclick="getContent();" />
    <div id="container"></div>
    <script src="/static/jquery-1.8.2.js"></script>
    <script>
        function getContent() {
            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();         // 创建对象
            xhr.open(&#39;GET&#39;, &#39;http://weatherapi.market.xiaomi.com/wtr-v2/weather?cityId=101121301&#39;); // GET方式打开
            xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {　　// 收到返回值时执行
                console.log(xhr.responseText);
            };
            xhr.send()　　// 发送
        }
    </script>
</body>

#註：點擊js直接取得結果時，瀏覽器顯示下面報錯訊息，由於瀏覽器只接受http:/ /127.0.0.1:8000發過來的信息，對於天氣網站發過來的信息直接屏蔽掉了，這就是同源策略，那有沒有什麼方式可以解決？

XMLHttpRequest cannot load http://weatherapi.market.xiaomi.com/wtr-v2/weather?cityId=101121301. No &#39;Access-Control-Allow-Origin&#39; header is present on the requested resource. Origin &#39;http://127.0.0.1:8000&#39; is therefore not allowed access.

2、巧用script標籤src屬性

script標籤不受同源策略的影響

處理檔：

import requests
def jsonp(request):
    # 获取url信息
    response = requests.get(&#39;http://weatherapi.market.xiaomi.com/wtr-v2/weather?cityId=101121301&#39;)
    response.encoding = &#39;utf-8&#39;     # 进行编码
 
    return render(request,&#39;jsonp.html&#39;,{&#39;result&#39;:response.text})  # response.text 请求内容
 
def jsonp_api(request):
    return HttpResponse('alert(123)')

HTML檔：

<body>
    <h1 id="后台获取的结果">后台获取的结果</h1>
    {{ result }}
    <h1 id="js直接获取结果">js直接获取结果</h1>
    <input type="button" value="获取数据" onclick="getContent();" />
    <div id="container"></div>
    <script>
        function getContent() {
            var tag = document.createElement(&#39;script&#39;);
            tag.src = &#39;/jsonp_api.html&#39;;
            document.head.appendChild(tag);
         //   document.head.removeChild(tag);
        }
    </script>
</body>

註：js請求時為了方便，還是請求的是當前程式url；執行完上面程式碼會發現一個神奇的狀況，頁面會彈出123信息，表明script獲取信息成功

3、對前後端稍加改造，使用方法更加動態化

處理文件：

def jsonp(request):
 
    return render(request,&#39;jsonp.html&#39;)  # response.text 请求内容
 
def jsonp_api(request):
    func = request.GET.get(&#39;callback&#39;)  # 获取用户callback参数
    content = &#39;%s(10000)&#39;%func          # 执行func（10000）函数
 
    return HttpResponse(content)

HTML檔：　

<body>
    <h1 id="后台获取的结果">后台获取的结果</h1>
    {{ result }}
    <h1 id="js直接获取结果">js直接获取结果</h1>
    <input type="button" value="获取数据" onclick="getContent();" />
    <div id="container"></div>
    <script>
        function getContent() {
            var tag = document.createElement(&#39;script&#39;);
            tag.src = &#39;/jsonp_api.html?callback=list&#39;;  // 自定义callback参数，与后台达成默契
            document.head.appendChild(tag);
         //   document.head.removeChild(tag);
        }
        function list(arg){         // 自定义函数与callback=list相对应
               alert(arg);
            }
    </script>
</body>

註：js發送請求時，帶上callback參數，然後定義參數對應的方法，後台會把資料傳入此方法內並且執行執行；至於要列印還是彈框，就看使用者自己的需求去處理了；jsonp的原理和實作過程就是上述程式碼的實作

4、實例應用+ajax

##處理文件：

import requests
def jsonp(request):
    response = requests.get(&#39;http://www.jxntv.cn/data/jmd-jxtv2.html?callback=list&_=1454376870403&#39;)
    response.encoding = &#39;utf-8&#39;  # 进行编码
 
    return render(request, &#39;jsonp.html&#39;, {&#39;result&#39;: response.text})  # response.text 请求内容

HTML檔：

<body>
    <h1 id="后台获取的结果">后台获取的结果</h1>
    {{ result }}
    <h1 id="js直接获取结果">js直接获取结果</h1>
    <input type="button" value="获取数据" onclick="getContent();" />
    <div id="container"></div>
    <script src="/static/jquery-1.8.2.js"></script>
    <script>
        function getContent() {
            $.ajax({
                url: &#39;http://www.jxntv.cn/data/jmd-jxtv2.html?callback=list&_=1454376870403&#39;,
                type: &#39;POST&#39;,
                dataType: &#39;jsonp&#39;,     // 即使写的type是POST也是按照GET请求发送
                jsonp: &#39;callback&#39;,
                jsonpCallback: &#39;list&#39;
            });
        }
 
        function list(arg){         // 自定义函数与callback=list相对应
            console.log(arg);
            var data = arg[&#39;data&#39;];
            for(k in data){
                var tr = document.createElement(&#39;td&#39;);
                var week = data[k][&#39;week&#39;];
                var list = data[k][&#39;list&#39;];
                tr.textContent =week
                document.body.appendChild(tr);
                console.log(week);
                for(i in list){
                    var name = list[i][&#39;name&#39;];
                    console.log(name)
        }}}
    </script>
</body>

list({data:[ { "week":"周日", "list":[ { "time":"0030", "name":"通宵剧场六集连播", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"0530", "name":"《都市现场》60分钟精编版（重播）", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"0630", "name":"《快乐生活一点通》", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"0700", "name":"《e早晨报》60分钟直播版块", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"0800", "name":"精选剧场四集连播", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1120", "name":"《地宝当家》（重播）", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1200", "name":"《都市60分》60分钟直播版块", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1300", "name":"《谁是赢家》", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1400", "name":"女性剧场三集连播", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1700", "name":"《快乐生活一点通》精编版", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1730", "name":"《地宝当家》", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { 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註：實作的過程跟第3自己寫的程式碼一毛一樣，也是建立個script然後再刪除

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