在使用virtualenv
前ubuntu預設的解釋器是python2.7,而且/usr/lib/python3
裡面已經安裝好了ipython3
和性問題,電腦上預設的python版本只能只能使用python2.7,所以創建命令要另外使用
-p
$ python Python 2.7.12 (default, Nov 19 2016, 06:48:10) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>
激活虛擬環境
$ ipython3 Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. IPython 5.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details. In [1]: import requests In [2]:現在可以看到提示符前面多頭了一個
venv,代表虛擬環境創建成功
$ mkdir my_project_folder; cd my_project_folder # 创建虚拟环境 $ virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 venv Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3 Using base prefix '/usr' New python executable in /home/ormsf/my_project_folder/venv/bin/python3 Also creating executable in /home/ormsf/my_project_folder/venv/bin/python Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...done.實踐一下,虛擬環境和實際的環境隔離的
$ source venv/bin/activate
注意不需要使用pip3
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ ipython3現在request已經能夠正確使用了
也能夠正確使用了
# 无法使用ipython3 (venv) ~/my_project_folder $ ipython3 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/ipython3", line 4, in <module> from IPython import start_ipython ImportError: No module named 'IPython' # 默认的解释器已经变成了python3 (venv) ~/my_project_folder $ python Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. # 无法使用requests >>> import requests Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: No module named 'requests'
退出
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ pip install requests Collecting requests Downloading requests-2.13.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (584kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 593kB 1.3MB/s Installing collected packages: requests Successfully installed requests-2.13.0
原理很簡單,就是把系統Python複製一份到virtualenv的環境,用命令
source venv/bin/activate進入一個virtualenv環境時,virtualenv會修改相關環境變量,令指令python和pip均指向目前的virtualenv環境。
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