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加快mydumper與myloader匯出導入

黄舟
黄舟原創
2017-02-13 11:04:181665瀏覽

    mydumper與myloader是優秀的第三方mysql資料庫邏輯備份還原工具,使用多執行緒的匯出與匯入。彌補了mysqldump單線程的不足。本文描述的是如何加快mydumper與myloader的匯出與導入供大家參考。

    有關mydumper與myloader其他事項可參考:
        mydumper安裝及安裝故障總結
  sql


1、基於MyIsam引擎匯出導入 a、表不分塊匯出及匯入
[root@GZAPP tmp]# mydumper -u inno -p xxx -B bsom -T tb_access_log -o /backup/tmp/
[root@GZAPP tmp]# ls -hltr   #hltr  ##匯出的資料檔為單一文件,大小在2.6GB
total 2.6G
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.6K Jul 24 08:51 bsom.tb_access_log-schema.sql
-rw-r --r-- 1 root root  214 Jul 24 08:52 metadata
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.6G Jul 24 08:52 bsom.tb_access_log.sql

#執行緒數導入,且設定每個交易查詢數為10000,此參數此時其實作用不大,因為表為myisam引擎


[root@GZAPP tmp]# myloader -u inno -p xxx -B tempdb -d /backup/tmp -v 3 -q 10000
[root@GZAPP tmp]# myloader -u inno -p xxx -B tempdb -d /backup/tmp -v 3 -q 10000
** Message: 4 threads created
** Message: Creating table `tempdb`.`tb_access_log`
** Message: Thread 4 shutting down
** Message: Thread 1 restoring `bsom`.`tb_access_log` part 0
** Message: Thread 3 shutting down
** Message: Thread 2 shutting down


root@localhost[ show processlist;

+---------+---------+----------+--------+----- ----+--------+---------+-------------------------- ----------------------+| Id      | User    | Host     | db     | Command | Time   | State                      |+------- --+---------+----------+--------+---------+------- -+---------+------------------------------------------------ ----------+| 4452079 | root    | localhost| tempdb | Query   |      0 | init    | show processlist           || 4453793 | inno    | localhost| tempdb | Sleep   |    420 |                            |
| 4453794 | inno    | localhost| tempdb | Query   |      4 | update  | INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (506873,"325|
+---------+---------+-------------------+--------- -------+--------+---------+--------+---------+---- --------------------------------------------+

###從上面的執行緒數可以看出只有一個單執行緒在執行insert操作



b、表分塊導出及導入
###下面的範例中使用500MB進行分塊

###由上可知,大表tb_access_log按接近500M被分割成了多個檔案

[root@GZAPP tmp]# mydumper -u inno -p xxx -B bsom -T tb_access_log -F 500 -o /backup/tmp/
[root@GZAPP tmp]# ls -hltr
total 2.6G      
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.6K Jul 24 08:21 bsom.tb_access_log-schema.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 08:21 bsom.tb_access_log.00001.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 08:21 bsom.tb_access_log.00002.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 08:21 bsom.tb_access_log.00003.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 08:21 bsom.tb_access_log.00004.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 08:22 bsom.tb_access_log.00005.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  214 Jul 24 08:22 metadata
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 241M Jul 24 08:22 bsom.tb_access_log.00006.sql

#在下面的processlist可以看到,存在表级锁等待
+---------+-------+-----------+---------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Id      | User  | Host      | db      | Command | Time   | State                       | Info                                           |
+---------+-------+-----------+---------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| 4452079 | root  | localhost | bsom    | Query   |      0 | init                        | show processlist                               |
| 4452167 | inno  | localhost | tempdb  | Sleep   |    769 |                             | NULL                                           |
| 4452168 | inno  | localhost | tempdb  | Query   |     36 | update                      | INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (6367402,"0,|
| 4452169 | inno  | localhost | tempdb  | Query   |     21 | Waiting for table level lock| INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (12593865," |
| 4452170 | inno  | localhost | tempdb  | Query   |     26 | Waiting for table level lock| INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (15643029,""|
| 4452171 | inno  | localhost | tempdb  | Query   |      6 | Waiting for table level lock| INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (173947,"70 |
| 4452172 | inno  | localhost | tempdb  | Query   |     15 | Waiting for table level lock| INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (9490507,"7 |
| 4452173 | inno  | localhost | tempdb  | Query   |     30 | Waiting for table level lock| INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (3271602,"4 |
+---------+---------+-----------+---------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------+


c、调整myisam有关参数后导入

[root@GZ-APP-BAK01 tmp]# time myloader -u innobk -p InnoBK -B tempdb -t 6 -d /backup/tmp -v 3
** Message: 6 threads created
** Message: Creating table `tempdb`.`tb_mobile_access_log`
** Message: Thread 1 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 3
** Message: Thread 6 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 6
** Message: Thread 2 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 5
** Message: Thread 3 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 4
** Message: Thread 4 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 1
** Message: Thread 5 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 2
** Message: Thread 6 shutting down
** Message: Thread 5 shutting down
** Message: Thread 1 shutting down
** Message: Thread 2 shutting down
** Message: Thread 4 shutting down
** Message: Thread 3 shutting down


real    266m28.903s
user    0m6.008s
sys     0m1.681s

###调整以下相关参数,后尝试再次导入,
concurrent_insert  AUTO 改成 ALWAYS
bulk_insert_buffer_size 8388608 改成 256M
myisam_sort_buffer_size 67108864 改成 128M

[root@GZ-APP-BAK01 tmp]# time myloader -u innobk -p InnoBK -B tempdb -t 6 -o -d /backup/tmp -v 3
** Message: 6 threads created
** Message: Dropping table (if exists) `tempdb`.`tb_mobile_access_log`
** Message: Creating table `tempdb`.`tb_mobile_access_log`
** Message: Thread 1 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 3
** Message: Thread 2 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 6
** Message: Thread 3 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 5
** Message: Thread 4 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 4
** Message: Thread 6 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 1
** Message: Thread 5 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 2
** Message: Thread 2 shutting down
** Message: Thread 1 shutting down
** Message: Thread 6 shutting down
** Message: Thread 5 shutting down
** Message: Thread 3 shutting down
** Message: Thread 4 shutting down


real    253m42.460s   ###此时导入时间并无明显减少
user    0m5.924s
sys     0m1.637s


2、基于innodb引擎的导出导入
a、表未分块导出,数据文件大小为3.9GB

[root@GZAPP tmp]# ls -hltr
total 3.9G
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.8K Jul 24 00:09 bscom.tb_message-schema.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.9G Jul 24 00:25 bscom.tb_message.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  215 Jul 24 09:14 metadata


###下面使用6个线程导入,实际上可以看到,只有1个线程在工作,因为数据文件只有1个

[root@GZAPP tmp]# myloader -u inno -p xxx -B tempdb -t 6 -d /backup/tmp -v 3
** Message: 6 threads created
** Message: Creating table `tempdb`.`tb_message`
** Message: Thread 1 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 0
** Message: Thread 5 shutting down
** Message: Thread 2 shutting down
** Message: Thread 6 shutting down
** Message: Thread 3 shutting down
** Message: Thread 4 shutting down



b、表分块导出

[root@GZAPP tmp]# mydumper -u inno -p xxx -B bscom -T tb_message -F 500 -o /backup/tmp/
[root@GZAPP tmp]# ls -hltr
total 3.9G
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.8K Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message-schema.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00001.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00002.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00003.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00004.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00005.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00006.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00007.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 481M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00008.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  135 Jul 24 09:55 metadata
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  93M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00009.sql


###下面尝试使用6线程导入,可以看到有6个线程在并发导入

[root@GZAPP tmp]# myloader -u inno -p xxx -B tempdb -t 6 -d /backup/tmp/ -v 3
** Message: 6 threads created
** Message: Creating database `tempdb`
** Message: Creating table `tempdb`.`tb_message`
** Message: Thread 2 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 5
** Message: Thread 1 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 9
** Message: Thread 3 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 1
** Message: Thread 4 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 8
** Message: Thread 5 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 4
** Message: Thread 6 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 6
** Message: Thread 1 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 7
** Message: Thread 6 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 3
** Message: Thread 2 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 2
** Message: Thread 3 shutting down
** Message: Thread 5 shutting down
** Message: Thread 4 shutting down
** Message: Thread 1 shutting down
** Message: Thread 2 shutting down
** Message: Thread 6 shutting down



3、小结
a、mydumper在导出的时候可以根据服务器可用资源来合理地设置线程数。
b、mydumper在导出的时候尽可能地指定chunk-filesize或者rows参数以分块导出。
c、myloader在针对myisam引擎时建议调整相关参数至合理值以提高无法提高性能,主要是表级锁的问题。
d、myloader在针对innodb引擎时建议调整参数至合理值以提高性能,如以下参数等:
 

 innodb_buffer_pool_size
  innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
  innodb_log_buffer_size

e、通过使用分块导出与导入可以显著利用并发来加快inndbo表导入。  
f、注意mydumper导出时不会导出存储过程,函数,触发器等。

以上就是加快mydumper与myloader导出导入的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!

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