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淺談Java之Map 按值排序 (Map sort by value)

高洛峰
高洛峰原創
2017-01-19 10:54:331675瀏覽

Map是鍵值對的集合,又叫作字典或關聯數組等,是最常見的資料結構之一。在java如何讓一個map按value排序呢? 看似簡單,但卻不容易!

例如,Map中key是String類型,表示一個單詞,而value是int型,表示該單字出現的次數,現在我們想要按照單字出現的次數來排序:

Map map = new TreeMap();
map.put("me", 1000);
map.put("and", 4000);
map.put("you", 3000);
map.put("food", 10000);
map.put("hungry", 5000);
map.put("later", 6000);

按值排序的結果應該是:

key value
me 1000
you 3000
and 4000
hungry 5000
later 6000
food 10000

首先,不能採用SortedMap結構,因為SortedMap是按鍵排序的Map,而不是值排序的Map,我們要的是值排序的Map。

Couldn't you do this with a SortedMap? 
No, because the map are being sorted by its keys.

C++程式碼:

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;
 
public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
 
    Set set = new TreeSet();
    set.add(new Pair("me", "1000"));
 
    set.add(new Pair("and", "4000"));
    set.add(new Pair("you", "3000"));
 
    set.add(new Pair("food", "10000"));
    set.add(new Pair("hungry", "5000"));
 
    set.add(new Pair("later", "6000"));
    set.add(new Pair("myself", "1000"));
 
    for (Iterator i = set.iterator(); i.hasNext();)
 
      System.out.println(i.next());
  }
}
 
class Pair implements Comparable {
  private final String name;
  private final int number;
 
  public Pair(String name, int number) {
    this.name = name;
    this.number = number;
  }
 
  public Pair(String name, String number) throws NumberFormatException {
    this.name = name;
    this.number = Integer.parseInt(number);
 
  }
 
  public int compareTo(Object o) {
    if (o instanceof Pair) {
      int cmp = Double.compare(number, ((Pair) o).number);
      if (cmp != 0) {
        return cmp;
      }
      return name.compareTo(((Pair) o).name);
    }
 
    throw new ClassCastException("Cannot compare Pair with "
        + o.getClass().getName());
 
  }
 
  public String toString() {
    return name + ' ' + number;
  }
}

   

上面方法的實質意義是:將Map結構中的鍵值對(Map.Entry)封裝成一個自訂的類別(結構),或直接使用Map.Entry類別。自訂類別知道自己應該如何排序,也就是按值排序,具體為自己實作Comparable介面或建構一個Comparator對象,然後不用Map結構而採用有序集合(SortedSet, TreeSet是SortedSet的一種實作),這樣就實現了Map中sort by value要達到的目的。是說,不用Map,而是把Map.Entry當作一個對象,這樣問題變成實現一個該對象的有序集合或對該對象的集合做排序。既可以用SortedSet,這樣插入完成後自然就是有序的了,又或者用一個List或數組,然後再對其做排序(Collections.sort() or Arrays.sort())。

Encapsulate the information in its own class. Either implement

Comparable and write rules for the natural ordering or write a

Comparator based 是.

方法二:

You can also use the following code to sort by value:

typedef pair<string, int> PAIR;
 
int cmp(const PAIR& x, const PAIR& y)
{
  return x.second > y.second;
}
 
map<string,int> m;
vector<PAIR> vec;
for (map<wstring,int>::iterator curr = m.begin(); curr != m.end(); ++curr)
{
  vec.push_back(make_pair(curr->first, curr->second));
}
sort(vec.begin(), vec.end(), cmp);



另外,Groovy 實現sort map by

另外,Groovy 實現sort map by value,用groovy 中map 的sort 方法(需groovy 1.6),

public static Map sortByValue(Map map) {
    List list = new LinkedList(map.entrySet());
    Collections.sort(list, new Comparator() {
 
      public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
        return ((Comparable) ((Map.Entry) (o1)).getValue())
            .compareTo(((Map.Entry) (o2)).getValue());
 
      }
    });
    Map result = new LinkedHashMap();
 
    for (Iterator it = list.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
      Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) it.next();
      result.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
    }
    return result;
  }
 
  public static Map sortByValue(Map map, final boolean reverse) {
    List list = new LinkedList(map.entrySet());
    Collections.sort(list, new Comparator() {
 
      public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
        if (reverse) {
          return -((Comparable) ((Map.Entry) (o1)).getValue())
              .compareTo(((Map.Entry) (o2)).getValue());
        }
        return ((Comparable) ((Map.Entry) (o1)).getValue())
            .compareTo(((Map.Entry) (o2)).getValue());
      }
    });
 
    Map result = new LinkedHashMap();
    for (Iterator it = list.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
      Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) it.next();
      result.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
    }
    return result;
  }
 
 
 
 
        Map map = new HashMap();
    map.put("a", 4);
    map.put("b", 1);
    map.put("c", 3);
    map.put("d", 2);
    Map sorted = sortByValue(map);
    System.out.println(sorted);
// output : {b=1, d=2, c=3, a=4}
 
或者还可以这样:
Map map = new HashMap();
    map.put("a", 4);
    map.put("b", 1);
    map.put("c", 3);
    map.put("d", 2);
 
    Set<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> treeSet = new TreeSet<Map.Entry<String, Integer>>(
        new Comparator<Map.Entry<String, Integer>>() {
          public int compare(Map.Entry<String, Integer> o1,
              Map.Entry<String, Integer> o2) {
            Integer d1 = o1.getValue();
            Integer d2 = o2.getValue();
            int r = d2.compareTo(d1);
 
            if (r != 0)
              return r;
            else
              return o2.getKey().compareTo(o1.getKey());
          }
 
        });
    treeSet.addAll(map.entrySet());
    System.out.println(treeSet);
    // output : [a=4, c=3, d=2, b=1]

如:


 ["a":3,"b":1,"c":4,"d":2]. { a,b -> a.value - b.value }

結果為: [b:1, d:2, a:3, c:4]

Python中也類似:

def result = map.sort(){ a, b ->
      b.value.compareTo(a.value)
    }


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