Log4j定時列印日誌及新增模組名稱配置的Java程式碼實例

設定間隔時間，定時列印日誌
 接到個需求，透過log4j定時列印日誌，需求說明如下：需能定時列印日誌，時間間隔可配。說到定時，首先想到了DailyRollingFileAppender類，各種定時，根據datePattern，這個可以參考類SimpleDateFormat類，常見的一些定時設定如下：

'.'yyyy-MM: 每月 

'.'-'.'yyyy-MM: 每月 

ww : 每週  

'.'yyyy-MM-dd-a: 每天兩次 

'.'yyyy-MM-dd-HH: 每小時 

'.'yyyy-MM-dd-HH: 每小時 

'. 'yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm: 每分鐘  

    透過觀察發現沒有類似n分鐘的日期格式，因此，在DailyRollingFileAppender類別基礎上進行自訂類別的撰寫。流程如下：

  1）拷貝DailyRollingFileAppender類別原始碼並並改名為MinuteRollingAppender，為了在log4j.xml中配置，增加設定項intervalTime並新增set、get方法；

private int intervalTime = 10;

App

計算下一次間隔時間，而需要傳​​遞參數intervalTime，因此修改RollingCalendar類別為內部類別；由於其方法就是根據datePattern來計算下一次rollOver動作的時間，此時不需要其他的時間模式，修改方法如下：

public Date getNextCheckDate(Date now)
{
 this.setTime(now);
 this.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
 this.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
 this.add(Calendar.MINUTE, intervalTime);
 return getTime();
}

  3）按照分鐘可配時，時間模式就需要禁用了，將其改為static final，響應的去掉其get、set方法和MinuteRollingAppender構造函數中的datePattern參數

private static String DATEPATTERN = "'.'yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm'.log'";

多種datePattern的方法computeCheckPeriod()也可以刪除； 至此改造就完成了，成品類別如下：

package net.csdn.blog;
  
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
  
import org.apache.log4j.FileAppender;
import org.apache.log4j.Layout;
import org.apache.log4j.helpers.LogLog;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
  
/**
 * 按分钟可配置定时appender
 *
 * @author coder_xia
 *
 */
public class MinuteRollingAppender extends FileAppender
{
 /**
  * The date pattern. By default, the pattern is set to "'.'yyyy-MM-dd"
  * meaning daily rollover.
  */
 private static String DATEPATTERN = "'.'yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm'.log'";
 /**
  * 间隔时间，单位：分钟
  */
 private int intervalTime = 10;
  
 /**
  * The log file will be renamed to the value of the scheduledFilename
  * variable when the next interval is entered. For example, if the rollover
  * period is one hour, the log file will be renamed to the value of
  * "scheduledFilename" at the beginning of the next hour.
  *
  * The precise time when a rollover occurs depends on logging activity.
  */
 private String scheduledFilename;
  
 /**
  * The next time we estimate a rollover should occur.
  */
 private long nextCheck = System.currentTimeMillis() - 1;
  
 Date now = new Date();
  
 SimpleDateFormat sdf;
  
 RollingCalendar rc = new RollingCalendar();
  
 /**
  * The default constructor does nothing.
  */
 public MinuteRollingAppender()
 {
 }
  
 /**
  * Instantiate a MinuteRollingAppender and open the file
  * designated by filename. The opened filename will become the
  * ouput destination for this appender.
  */
 public MinuteRollingAppender(Layout layout, String filename)
   throws IOException
 {
  super(layout, filename, true);
  activateOptions();
 }
  
 /**
  * @return the intervalTime
  */
 public int getIntervalTime()
 {
  return intervalTime;
 }
  
 /**
  * @param intervalTime
  *   the intervalTime to set
  */
 public void setIntervalTime(int intervalTime)
 {
  this.intervalTime = intervalTime;
 }
  
 @Override
 public void activateOptions()
 {
  super.activateOptions();
  if (fileName != null)
  {
   now.setTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
   sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(DATEPATTERN);
   File file = new File(fileName);
   scheduledFilename = fileName
     + sdf.format(new Date(file.lastModified()));
  
  }
  else
  {
   LogLog
     .error("Either File or DatePattern options are not set for appender ["
       + name + "].");
  }
 }
  
 /**
  * Rollover the current file to a new file.
  */
 void rollOver() throws IOException
 {
  String datedFilename = fileName + sdf.format(now);
  // It is too early to roll over because we are still within the
  // bounds of the current interval. Rollover will occur once the
  // next interval is reached.
  if (scheduledFilename.equals(datedFilename))
  {
   return;
  }
  
  // close current file, and rename it to datedFilename
  this.closeFile();
  
  File target = new File(scheduledFilename);
  if (target.exists())
  {
   target.delete();
  }
  
  File file = new File(fileName);
  boolean result = file.renameTo(target);
  if (result)
  {
   LogLog.debug(fileName + " -> " + scheduledFilename);
  }
  else
  {
   LogLog.error("Failed to rename [" + fileName + "] to ["
     + scheduledFilename + "].");
  }
  
  try
  {
   // This will also close the file. This is OK since multiple
   // close operations are safe.
   this.setFile(fileName, true, this.bufferedIO, this.bufferSize);
  }
  catch (IOException e)
  {
   errorHandler.error("setFile(" + fileName + ", true) call failed.");
  }
  scheduledFilename = datedFilename;
 }
  
 /**
  * This method differentiates MinuteRollingAppender from its super class.
  *
  * 

  * Before actually logging, this method will check whether it is time to do
  * a rollover. If it is, it will schedule the next rollover time and then
  * rollover.
  * */
 @Override
 protected void subAppend(LoggingEvent event)
 {
  long n = System.currentTimeMillis();
  if (n >= nextCheck)
  {
   now.setTime(n);
   nextCheck = rc.getNextCheckMillis(now);
   try
   {
    rollOver();
   }
   catch (IOException ioe)
   {
    if (ioe instanceof InterruptedIOException)
    {
     Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
    }
    LogLog.error("rollOver() failed.", ioe);
   }
  }
  super.subAppend(event);
 }
  
 /**
  * RollingCalendar is a helper class to MinuteRollingAppender. Given a
  * periodicity type and the current time, it computes the start of the next
  * interval.
  * */
 class RollingCalendar extends GregorianCalendar
 {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = -3560331770601814177L;
  
  RollingCalendar()
  {
   super();
  }
  
  public long getNextCheckMillis(Date now)
  {
   return getNextCheckDate(now).getTime();
  }
  
  public Date getNextCheckDate(Date now)
  {
   this.setTime(now);
   this.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
   this.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
   this.add(Calendar.MINUTE, intervalTime);
   return getTime();
  }
 }
}

測試配置文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
  
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">
  
 <appender name="myFile" class="net.csdn.blog.MinuteRollingAppender"> 
  <param name="File" value="log4jTest.log" />
  <param name="Append" value="true" />
  <param name="intervalTime" value="2"/>
  <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
   <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%p %d (%c:%L)- %m%n" />
  </layout>
 </appender>
  
 <root>
  <priority value="debug"/>
  <appender-ref ref="myFile"/> 
 </root>
  
</log4j:configuration>

  

實現，也就免去了每次記錄日誌時計算並且比較時間，區別其實就是自己起個線程與調用rollOver方法，實現如下：

package net.csdn.blog;
  
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
  
import org.apache.log4j.FileAppender;
import org.apache.log4j.Layout;
import org.apache.log4j.helpers.LogLog;
  
public class TimerTaskRollingAppender extends FileAppender
{
 /**
  * The date pattern. By default, the pattern is set to "'.'yyyy-MM-dd"
  * meaning daily rollover.
  */
 private static final String DATEPATTERN = "'.'yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm'.log'";
  
 /**
  * 间隔时间，单位：分钟
  */
 private int intervalTime = 10;
  
 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(DATEPATTERN);
  
 /**
  * The default constructor does nothing.
  */
 public TimerTaskRollingAppender()
 {
 }
  
 /**
  * Instantiate a <code>TimerTaskRollingAppender</code> and open the file
  * designated by <code>filename</code>. The opened filename will become the
  * ouput destination for this appender.
  */
 public TimerTaskRollingAppender(Layout layout, String filename)
   throws IOException
 {
  super(layout, filename, true);
  activateOptions();
 }
  
 /**
  * @return the intervalTime
  */
 public int getIntervalTime()
 {
  return intervalTime;
 }
  
 /**
  * @param intervalTime
  *   the intervalTime to set
  */
 public void setIntervalTime(int intervalTime)
 {
  this.intervalTime = intervalTime;
 }
  
 @Override
 public void activateOptions()
 {
  super.activateOptions();
  Timer timer = new Timer();
  timer.schedule(new LogTimerTask(), 1000, intervalTime * 60000);
 }
  
 class LogTimerTask extends TimerTask
 {
  @Override
  public void run()
  {
   String datedFilename = fileName + sdf.format(new Date());
   closeFile();
   File target = new File(datedFilename);
   if (target.exists())
    target.delete();
   File file = new File(fileName);
   boolean result = file.renameTo(target);
   if (result)
    LogLog.debug(fileName + " -> " + datedFilename);
   else
    LogLog.error("Failed to rename [" + fileName + "] to ["
      + datedFilename + "].");
   try
   {
    setFile(fileName, true, bufferedIO, bufferSize);
   }
   catch (IOException e)
   {
    errorHandler.error("setFile(" + fileName
      + ", true) call failed.");
   }
  }
 }
}

    不過，以上實現，存在2個問題：

  1 ）併發

    並發問題可能發生的一個地方在run()中調用closeFile();後，正好subAppend()方法寫日誌，此刻文件已關閉，則會報以下錯誤：

java.io.IOException: Stream closed
 at sun.nio.cs.StreamEncoder.ensureOpen(Unknown Source)
 at sun.nio.cs.StreamEncoder.write(Unknown Source)
 at sun.nio.cs.StreamEncoder.write(Unknown Source)
 at java.io.OutputStreamWriter.write(Unknown Source)
 at java.io.Writer.write(Unknown Source)
..............................

  簡單，直接讓整個run()方法為同步的，加上synchronized關鍵字即可；不過目前樓主沒有解決如果真要寫，而且寫的速度夠快的情況下可能丟失日誌的情況；

   2）性能

    使用Timer實作比較簡單，但是Timer裡面的任務如果執行時間太長，會獨佔Timer對象，使得後面的任務無法幾時的執行，解決方法也比較簡單，採用線程池版定時器類ScheduledExecutorService，實現如下：

/**
 *
 */
package net.csdn.blog;
  
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  
import org.apache.log4j.FileAppender;
import org.apache.log4j.Layout;
import org.apache.log4j.helpers.LogLog;
  
/**
 * @author coder_xia
 *   <p>
 *   采用ScheduledExecutorService实现定时配置打印日志
 *   <p>
 *
 */
public class ScheduledExecutorServiceAppender extends FileAppender
{
 /**
  * The date pattern. By default, the pattern is set to "&#39;.&#39;yyyy-MM-dd"
  * meaning daily rollover.
  */
 private static final String DATEPATTERN = "&#39;.&#39;yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm&#39;.log&#39;";
  
 /**
  * 间隔时间，单位：分钟
  */
 private int intervalTime = 10;
  
 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(DATEPATTERN);
  
 /**
  * The default constructor does nothing.
  */
 public ScheduledExecutorServiceAppender()
 {
 }
  
 /**
  * Instantiate a <code>ScheduledExecutorServiceAppender</code> and open the
  * file designated by <code>filename</code>. The opened filename will become
  * the ouput destination for this appender.
  */
 public ScheduledExecutorServiceAppender(Layout layout, String filename)
   throws IOException
 {
  super(layout, filename, true);
  activateOptions();
 }
  
 /**
  * @return the intervalTime
  */
 public int getIntervalTime()
 {
  return intervalTime;
 }
  
 /**
  * @param intervalTime
  *   the intervalTime to set
  */
 public void setIntervalTime(int intervalTime)
 {
  this.intervalTime = intervalTime;
 }
  
 @Override
 public void activateOptions()
 {
  super.activateOptions();
  Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor().scheduleAtFixedRate(
    new LogTimerTask(), 1, intervalTime * 60000,
    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
 }
  
 class LogTimerTask implements Runnable
 {
  @Override
  public void run()
  {
   String datedFilename = fileName + sdf.format(new Date());
   closeFile();
   File target = new File(datedFilename);
   if (target.exists())
    target.delete();
   File file = new File(fileName);
   boolean result = file.renameTo(target);
   if (result)
    LogLog.debug(fileName + " -> " + datedFilename);
   else
    LogLog.error("Failed to rename [" + fileName + "] to ["
      + datedFilename + "].");
   try
   {
    setFile(fileName, true, bufferedIO, bufferSize);
   }
   catch (IOException e)
   {
    errorHandler.error("setFile(" + fileName
      + ", true) call failed.");
   }
  }
 }
}

 

      關於定時的實現，差不多就到這裡了，採用的都默認是10分鐘產生一個新的日誌文件，在配置時可以自行設置，不過存在的一個隱患，萬一配置文件的人不知道時間間隔是分鐘，如果以為是秒，配了個600，又開了debug，產生上G的日誌文件，這肯定是個災難，下面的改造就是結合RollingFileAppender的最大大小和最多備份文件個數可配，再次進行完善，下次繼續描述改造過程。

添加模組名配置

在前面講到了log4j定時打印的定制類實現，就不講指定大小和指定備份文件個數了，從RollingFileAppender類copy代碼到前面的定制類中添加即可，唯一需要解決的是並發問題，即檔案關閉rename檔案時，發生了記錄日誌事件時，會報output stream closed的錯誤。

    現在有一個應用場景，而且經常有：

    1.專案包含有多個不同的工程；

    2.同一工程包含不同的模組。

    對第一種情況，可以透過設定log4j，再在產生Logger時使用類似如下方式：

Logger logger=Logger.getLogger("Test");

    對第二種情況，我們希望能夠將不同模組列印到同種不同模組在一個日誌檔案中，不過希望能夠在日誌中列印出模組名以便出問題時定位問題，因此便有了本文需要的在Appender類中添加配置ModuleName，下面開始改造，與定時打印不同，我們採用RollingFileAppender類為基類進行改造。

    首先，新增設定項moduleName，並增加get、set方法；

    由於繼承自RollingFileAppender，因此只需要在subAppend()中格式化LoggingEvent中的格式化，添加formatInfo數據格式化數據，程式碼略

；最後的成品類別如下：

package net.csdn.blog;
  
import org.apache.log4j.Category;
import org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
  
/**
 * @author coder_xia
 *
 */
public class ModuleAppender extends RollingFileAppender
{
 private String moduleName;
  
 /**
  * @return the moduleName
  */
 public String getModuleName()
 {
  return moduleName;
 }
  
 /**
  * @param moduleName
  *   the moduleName to set
  */
 public void setModuleName(String moduleName)
 {
  this.moduleName = moduleName;
 }
  
 /**
  * 格式化打印内容
  *
  * @param event
  *   event
  * @return msg
  */
 private String formatInfo(LoggingEvent event)
 {
  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  if (moduleName != null)
  {
   sb.append(moduleName).append("|");
   sb.append(event.getMessage());
  }
  return sb.toString();
 }
  
 @Override
 public void subAppend(LoggingEvent event)
 {
  String msg = formatInfo(event);
  super.subAppend(new LoggingEvent(Category.class.getName(), event
    .getLogger(), event.getLevel(), msg, null));
 }
}

   

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