本文實例講述了Zend Framework教程之動作的基類Zend_Controller_Action。分享給大家參考,具體如下:
Zend_Controller_Action的實作
Zend Framework的動作控制器需要繼承Zend_Controller_Action,Zend_Controller_Action提供了動作控制器的基本功能,具體參考如下碼:
<?php interface Zend_Controller_Action_Interface { /** * Class constructor * * The request and response objects should be registered with the * controller, as should be any additional optional arguments; these will be * available via {@link getRequest()}, {@link getResponse()}, and * {@link getInvokeArgs()}, respectively. * * When overriding the constructor, please consider this usage as a best * practice and ensure that each is registered appropriately; the easiest * way to do so is to simply call parent::__construct($request, $response, * $invokeArgs). * * After the request, response, and invokeArgs are set, the * {@link $_helper helper broker} is initialized. * * Finally, {@link init()} is called as the final action of * instantiation, and may be safely overridden to perform initialization * tasks; as a general rule, override {@link init()} instead of the * constructor to customize an action controller's instantiation. * * @param Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request * @param Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response * @param array $invokeArgs Any additional invocation arguments * @return void */ public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response, array $invokeArgs = array()); /** * Dispatch the requested action * * @param string $action Method name of action * @return void */ public function dispatch($action); }
Zend_Controller_Action提供了動作和視圖的render功能,以及註冊請求和回應對象,常用助理等等。
動作控制器的常用方法
在動作控制器中常用的方法和屬性如下:
$this->_helper主要完成助手的相關操作例如:
<?php require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/HelperBroker.php'; require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Interface.php'; require_once 'Zend/Controller/Front.php'; abstract class Zend_Controller_Action implements Zend_Controller_Action_Interface { protected $_classMethods; protected $_delimiters; protected $_invokeArgs = array(); protected $_frontController; protected $_request = null; protected $_response = null; public $viewSuffix = 'phtml'; public $view; protected $_helper = null; public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response, array $invokeArgs = array()) { $this->setRequest($request) ->setResponse($response) ->_setInvokeArgs($invokeArgs); $this->_helper = new Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker($this); $this->init(); } public function init() { } public function initView() { if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) { return $this->view; } require_once 'Zend/View/Interface.php'; if (isset($this->view) && ($this->view instanceof Zend_View_Interface)) { return $this->view; } $request = $this->getRequest(); $module = $request->getModuleName(); $dirs = $this->getFrontController()->getControllerDirectory(); if (empty($module) || !isset($dirs[$module])) { $module = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher()->getDefaultModule(); } $baseDir = dirname($dirs[$module]) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'views'; if (!file_exists($baseDir) || !is_dir($baseDir)) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Missing base view directory ("' . $baseDir . '")'); } require_once 'Zend/View.php'; $this->view = new Zend_View(array('basePath' => $baseDir)); return $this->view; } public function render($action = null, $name = null, $noController = false) { if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) { return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->render($action, $name, $noController); } $view = $this->initView(); $script = $this->getViewScript($action, $noController); $this->getResponse()->appendBody( $view->render($script), $name ); } public function renderScript($script, $name = null) { if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) { return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->renderScript($script, $name); } $view = $this->initView(); $this->getResponse()->appendBody( $view->render($script), $name ); } public function getViewScript($action = null, $noController = null) { if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) { $viewRenderer = $this->_helper->getHelper('viewRenderer'); if (null !== $noController) { $viewRenderer->setNoController($noController); } return $viewRenderer->getViewScript($action); } $request = $this->getRequest(); if (null === $action) { $action = $request->getActionName(); } elseif (!is_string($action)) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Invalid action specifier for view render'); } if (null === $this->_delimiters) { $dispatcher = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->getDispatcher(); $wordDelimiters = $dispatcher->getWordDelimiter(); $pathDelimiters = $dispatcher->getPathDelimiter(); $this->_delimiters = array_unique(array_merge($wordDelimiters, (array) $pathDelimiters)); } $action = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $action); $script = $action . '.' . $this->viewSuffix; if (!$noController) { $controller = $request->getControllerName(); $controller = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $controller); $script = $controller . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $script; } return $script; } public function getRequest() { return $this->_request; } public function setRequest(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request) { $this->_request = $request; return $this; } public function getResponse() { return $this->_response; } public function setResponse(Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response) { $this->_response = $response; return $this; } protected function _setInvokeArgs(array $args = array()) { $this->_invokeArgs = $args; return $this; } public function getInvokeArgs() { return $this->_invokeArgs; } public function getInvokeArg($key) { if (isset($this->_invokeArgs[$key])) { return $this->_invokeArgs[$key]; } return null; } public function getHelper($helperName) { return $this->_helper->{$helperName}; } public function getHelperCopy($helperName) { return clone $this->_helper->{$helperName}; } public function setFrontController(Zend_Controller_Front $front) { $this->_frontController = $front; return $this; } public function getFrontController() { // Used cache version if found if (null !== $this->_frontController) { return $this->_frontController; } // Grab singleton instance, if class has been loaded if (class_exists('Zend_Controller_Front')) { $this->_frontController = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance(); return $this->_frontController; } // Throw exception in all other cases require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Front controller class has not been loaded'); } public function preDispatch() { } public function postDispatch() { } public function __call($methodName, $args) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Exception.php'; if ('Action' == substr($methodName, -6)) { $action = substr($methodName, 0, strlen($methodName) - 6); throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Action "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $action), 404); } throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Method "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $methodName), 500); } public function dispatch($action) { // Notify helpers of action preDispatch state $this->_helper->notifyPreDispatch(); $this->preDispatch(); if ($this->getRequest()->isDispatched()) { if (null === $this->_classMethods) { $this->_classMethods = get_class_methods($this); } // If pre-dispatch hooks introduced a redirect then stop dispatch // @see ZF-7496 if (!($this->getResponse()->isRedirect())) { // preDispatch() didn't change the action, so we can continue if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions') || in_array($action, $this->_classMethods)) { if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions')) { trigger_error('Using case sensitive actions without word separators is deprecated; please do not rely on this "feature"'); } $this->$action(); } else { $this->__call($action, array()); } } $this->postDispatch(); } // whats actually important here is that this action controller is // shutting down, regardless of dispatching; notify the helpers of this // state $this->_helper->notifyPostDispatch(); } public function run(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request = null, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response = null) { if (null !== $request) { $this->setRequest($request); } else { $request = $this->getRequest(); } if (null !== $response) { $this->setResponse($response); } $action = $request->getActionName(); if (empty($action)) { $action = 'index'; } $action = $action . 'Action'; $request->setDispatched(true); $this->dispatch($action); return $this->getResponse(); } protected function _getParam($paramName, $default = null) { $value = $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName); if ((null === $value || '' === $value) && (null !== $default)) { $value = $default; } return $value; } protected function _setParam($paramName, $value) { $this->getRequest()->setParam($paramName, $value); return $this; } protected function _hasParam($paramName) { return null !== $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName); } protected function _getAllParams() { return $this->getRequest()->getParams(); } final protected function _forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null) { $request = $this->getRequest(); if (null !== $params) { $request->setParams($params); } if (null !== $controller) { $request->setControllerName($controller); // Module should only be reset if controller has been specified if (null !== $module) { $request->setModuleName($module); } } $request->setActionName($action) ->setDispatched(false); } protected function _redirect($url, array $options = array()) { $this->_helper->redirector->gotoUrl($url, $options); } }
透過設定ViewRenderer的noRender標記,可以簡單地為一個獨立的視圖禁止解析(rendering):
// 只是局部控制器;当初始化加载时,对这个控制器的所有动作有效: $this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender(true); // 全局: $this->_helper->removeHelper('viewRenderer'); // 也是全局,但需要和本地版本协作,以便繁殖这个控制器: Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->setParam('noViewRenderer', true);
禁止ViewRenderer的主要原因是如果你不需要視圖物件或如果你不透過視圖腳本(例如,當使用動作控制器來司服網站服務協議如SOAP, XML-RPC或REST)來解析。大多數情況下,你不需要全域禁止ViewRenderer,只選擇性地在個別控制器或動作裡禁止它。
請求物件和回應物件的相關操作
無數的物件和變數與物件一起註冊,並且每個都有存取器方法。
請求物件:getRequest()可用於讀取呼叫動作請求物件。
回應物件: getResponse()可用來讀取收集最終回應的回應物件。一些典型的呼叫看起來像這樣:
class FooController extends Zend_Controller_Action { public function barAction() { // disable autorendering for this action only: $this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender(); } }
呼叫參數:前端控制器可能會把參數傳給路由器、派遣器和動作控制器。為了讀取這些參數,可使用getInvokeArg($key);另外,用getInvokeArgs()讀取整個參數清單。
請求參數:請求物件手機請求參數,如任何_GET 或 _POST 參數,或指定在URL的路徑資訊裡的使用者參數。為了讀取這些參數,可使用_getParam($key)或_getAllParams()。也可以用_setParam()來設定請求參數;當轉送到另外的動作時這很有用。
用_hasParam($key)來測試是否有一個參數存在(對邏輯分支有用)。
Note: _getParam()可帶有一個可選的第二個參數,如果它不是空的,就包含一個缺省的值。用它在讀取值之前來消除對_hasParam() 的呼叫:
$this->getResponse()->setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/xml'); $this->getResponse()->appendBody($content);
視圖的相關操作
Zend_Controller_Action為視圖繼承提供了一個初步的靈活的機制。有兩個方法來完成這個:initView() 和 render();前者鬆散地載入$view public 屬性,後者基於目前請求的動作來解析視圖,它們使用目錄層次來決定腳本路徑。
視圖初始化
initView()初始化視圖物件。為了讀取視圖對象,render()呼叫initView(),但它可以在任何時候被初始化;缺省地,它用Zend_View對象來組裝$view屬性,但任何實作Zend_View_Interface的類別可以使用。如果$view已經被初始化,它就簡單地傳回屬性。
缺省的實現使用下列假設的目錄結構:
applicationOrModule/
controllers/index/
index.phtml 腳本假定放在views/scripts/子目錄,同時假定views子目錄也包含兄弟功能(助手和過濾器)。在確定檢視腳本名稱和路徑時,先以 views/scripts/作為基底路徑,然後加上以檢視腳本對應控制器命名的目錄。
解析(Rendering)視圖
render() 有下列特徵:has the following signature:
// Use default value of 1 if id is not set $id = $this->_getParam('id', 1); // Instead of: if ($this->_hasParam('id') { $id = $this->_getParam('id'); } else { $id = 1; }
一些例子:
string render(string $action = null, string $name = null, bool $noController = false);
其它
_forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null) :执行另外一个动作。如果在preDispatch()里调用,当前请求的动作将被跳过来支持新的动作。否则,在当前动作被处理之后,在_forward()请求的动作将被执行。
_redirect($url, array $options = array()):重定向到另外一个地方。这个方法用URL和一组可选的选项。缺省地,它执行HTTP 302 重定向。
选项可包括一个或多个下面这些:
exit:是否立即退出。如果被请求,它将干净地关闭任何打开的会话和执行重定向。
可以用setRedirectExit()访问器在控制器里全局地设置这个选项。
prependBase:是否预先考虑基础URL和URL提供的请求对象一起注册。
使用setRedirectPrependBase()访问器,在控制器里全局地设置这个选项。
code:在重定向时要用什么HTTP代码。缺省使用302;可以用从301到306之间的任何代码。
使用setRedirectCode()访问器,在控制器里全局地设置这个选项。
扩展自定义Zend_Controller_Action
为了创建动作控制器,设计上,Zend_Controller_Action 必须被继承。至少,需要定义控制器可能调用的动作方法。
除了为web应用程序创建有用的函数外,你可能发现在不同的控制器里重复同样的设置和实用方法;如果这样,创建一个继承(extends)Zend_Controller_Action 的基础类可能会解决问题。
Example #1 如何处理不存在的动作
如果控制器的请求包括一个未定义的动作方法,Zend_Controller_Action::__call()将被调用。__call()当然是PHP中用来重载方法的魔术方法。
缺省地,这个方法抛出一个Zend_Controller_Action_Exception 来表明在控制器里没有发现要求的方法。如果要求的方法以'Action'结尾,就假设一个动作被请求并且不存在;这样的错误导致带有代码为 404 的异常。所有其它方法导致带有代码为 500 的异常。这使你很容易地在错误句柄里区分是页面没有发现还是程序错误。
如果想执行其它操作,你应该重写这个函数。例如,如果你想显示错误信息,可以象下面这样来写:
class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action { public function __call($method, $args) { if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) { // If the action method was not found, render the error // template return $this->render('error'); } // all other methods throw an exception throw new Exception('Invalid method "' . $method . '" called', 500); } }
另外的可能性就是你可能想转发到缺省控制页面:
class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action { public function indexAction() { $this->render(); } public function __call($method, $args) { if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) { // If the action method was not found, forward to the // index action return $this->_forward('index'); } // all other methods throw an exception throw new Exception('Invalid method "' . $method . '" called', 500); } }
为了定制控制器,除了重写__call()以外,本章前面说涉及的初始化、实用程序、访问器、视图和派遣钩子等方法都可以被重写。作为例子,如果把视图对象保存到注册表里,你可能想用象下面的代码来修改initView():
abstract class My_Base_Controller extends Zend_Controller_Action { public function initView() { if (null === $this->view) { if (Zend_Registry::isRegistered('view')) { $this->view = Zend_Registry::get('view'); } else { $this->view = new Zend_View(); $this->view->setBasePath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../views'); } } return $this->view; } }
希望本文所述对大家PHP程序设计有所帮助。
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