python下讀取一個頁面的資料可以透過urllib2輕鬆實現請求
import urllib2 print urllib2.urlopen('http://www.pythontab.com').read()
涉及到頁面的POST請求操作的話需要提供頭信息,提交的post資料和請求頁面。
其中的post資料需要urllib.encode()一下,其實就是將字典轉換成「data1=value1&data2=value2」的格式。
import urllib import urllib2 HEADER = { 'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:31.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/31.0', 'Referer' : 'http://202.206.1.163/logout.do' } POSTDATA = { 'data1': 'value1', 'data2': 'value2' } HOSTURL = 'http://xxx.com' enpostdata = urllib.urlencode(POSTDATA) urlrequest = urllib2.Request(hosturl,enpostdata,HEADER) urlresponse = urllib2.urlopen(urlrequest) print urlresponse.read()
請求之後瀏覽器會有一個會話保持的過程,會話都是保存在一個cookie裡面的,下一次頁面的請求會把cookie放到請求頭,如果cookie丟失會話也就斷開了。
在python下面需要設定cookie的保留
# cookie set # 用来保持会话 cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar() cookie_support = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj) opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler) urllib2.install_opener(opener)
下面是將上述知識點總結寫的一個庫文件,方便使用:
# filename: analogop.py #!/usr/bin/python # -*-coding:UTF-8 -*- # author: 初行 # qq: 121866673 # mail: zxbd1016@163.com # message: I need a python job # time: 2014/10/8 import urllib import urllib2 import cookielib # cookie set # 用来保持会话 cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar() cookie_support = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj) opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler) urllib2.install_opener(opener) # default header HEADER = { 'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:31.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/31.0', 'Referer' : 'http://202.206.1.163/logout.do' } # operate method def geturlopen(hosturl, postdata = {}, headers = HEADER): # encode postdata enpostdata = urllib.urlencode(postdata) # request url urlrequest = urllib2.Request(hosturl, enpostdata, headers) # open url urlresponse = urllib2.urlopen(urlrequest) # return url return urlresponse
測驗環境,需要自己搭建或找網站測試:
#filename: test.py from analogop import geturlopen postd = { 'usernum': '2011411111', 'upw': '124569', 'userip': '192.168.10.1', 'token': 'xxx' } urlread = geturlopen('http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/', postd) print urlread.read().decode('utf-8') urlread = geturlopen('http://127.0.0.1:8000/chafen/', {}) print urlread.read().decode('utf-8')