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php數組使用技巧及操作總結

WBOY
WBOY原創
2016-08-08 09:24:30785瀏覽

數組,可以說是PHP的資料應用中較重要的一種方式。 PHP的陣列函數眾多,下面是一些小結,藉此記之,方便以後鑑之。 

1. 陣列定義
數組的定義使用 array()方式定義,可以定義空數組:
$number = array(1,3,5,7,9);
//定義空數組
$result = array();
$color =array("red","blue","green");
//自訂鍵值
$language = (1=>"English",3=>"Chinese",5=>"Franch");
//定義二維數組
$two = array(
"color"=>array("red","blue"), //用逗號結尾
"week"=>array("Monday","Friday") //最後一句沒有標點
);
?>

2. 建立陣列
compact()
compact()函數-將一個或多個變數(包含陣列)轉換為陣列:array compact ( mixed $varname [, mixed $... ] )。
$number = "1,3,5,7,9";
$string = "I'm PHPer";
$array = array("And","You?");
$newArray = compact("number","string","array");
print_r ($newArray);
?>
compact()函數用於將兩個或多個變數轉換為數組,當然也包含數組變數。其參數是變數的名稱而非帶有$全名。相反的函數是extract()作用顧名思義就是將陣列轉換為單一的字串,鍵值作為其字串名稱,陣列值作為字串的值。
運行結果:

Array (
[number] => 1,3,5,7,9
[string] => I'm PHPer
[array] => Array ( [0] => And [1] => You? )
)
array_combine()
array_combine()-將兩個陣列重組成一個陣列,一個作鍵值一個做的值:array array_combine ( array $keys , array $values )
$number = array("1","3","5","7","9");
$array = array("I","Am","A","PHP","er");
$newArray = array_combine($number,$array);
print_r ($newArray);
?>
array_combine函數不多說了,誰看了都明白。
運行結果:
Array ( [1] => I [3] => Am [5] => A [7] => PHP [9] => er )
range()
range()函數-建立指定範圍的陣列:
$array1 = range(0,100,10);//0為起始值,100為結束值,10為步進值(預設步進值為1).
print_r($array1);
echo"
";
$array2 = range("A","Z");
print_r($array2);
echo "
";
$array3 = range("z","a");
print_r($array3);
?>
array_fill()
array_fill()函數-填入陣列函數:
$array = range(1,10);
$fillarray = range("a","d");
$arrayFilled = array_fill(0,5,$fillarray);//這裡的$fillarray可以是字串,如"test".
echo "

"; <br>print_r ($arrayFilled); <br>echo "
";
$keys = array("string","2",9,"SDK","PK");
$array2 = array_fill_keys($keys,"testing");
echo "
"; <br>print_r ($array2);
<br>echo "
";
?>
運行結果:
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => a
[1] => b
[2] => c
[3] => d
)

[1] => Array
(
[0] => a
[1] => b
[2] => c
[3] => d
)

[2] => Array
(
[0] => a
[1] => b
[2] => c
[3] => d
)

[3] => Array
(
[0] => a
[1] => b
[2] => c
[3] => d
)

[4] => Array
(
[0] => a
[1] => b
[2] => c
[3] => d
)

)
Array
(
[string] => testing
[2] => testing
[9] => testing
[SDK] => testing
[PK] => testing
)

3. 陣列的遍歷
foreach遍歷
foreach (array_expression as $value){}
foreach (array_expression as $key => $value){}

$speed = array(50,120,180,240,380);
foreach($speed as $keys=>$values){
echo $keys."=>".$values."
";
}
?>
運作結果:
0=>50
1=>120
2=>180
3=>240
4=>380
while循環遍歷
while循環遍歷一般結合list函數,以下是實例
$staff = array(
array("姓名","性別","年齡"),
array("小張","男",24),
array("小王","女",25),
array("小李","男",23)
);
echo "

";
while(list($keys,$value) = each($staff)){
list($name,$sex,$age) = $value;
echo "";
}
echo "
$name $sex $age
";
?>
for循環遍歷
$speed = range(0,220,20);
for($i =0;$iecho $speed[$i]." ";
}
?>
運行結果:
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
4. 陣列的指標運算
涉及函數包括reset、prev、end、next、current、each。
實例一:next 與 prev
$speed = range(0,220,20);
echo current($speed);//輸出目前位置的值(在陣列的開頭位置)
$i = rand(1,11);
while($i--){
next($speed);//指標從目前位置向後移動一位
}
echo current($speed);//輸出目前位置的值
echo "
";
echo prev($speed);//輸出前一位置陣列值
echo "
";
echo reset($speed);//重置數組的指針,將指針指向起始位置
echo "
";
echo end($speed);//輸出最後位置的陣列值
echo "
";
?>
運行結果:
0220
200
0
220
實例二:each函數指標運算
$speed = range(0,200,40);
echo "each實現指標下移
";
echo "0擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."
";
echo "1擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."
";
echo "2擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."
";
echo "3擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."
";
echo "4擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."
";
echo "5擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."
";
echo "使用each函數實現數組指標的移動,進行數組遍歷
";
reset($speed);//這裡是將數組指標指向數組首
while(list($key,$value)=each($speed)){
echo $key."=>".$value."
";
}
?>
運行結果:
each實現指針下移
0擋的速度是0
1擋的速度是40
2擋的速度是80
3擋的速度是120
4擋的速度是160
5擋的速度是200
使用each函數實現陣列指標的移動,進行陣列遍歷
0=>0
1=>40
2=>80
3=>120
4=>160
5=>200
5. 陣列的增加刪除操作

增添數組成員
實例一:$num[] = value直接賦值追加到陣列結尾:
[code]$num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160);
echo "使用表達式新增陣列成員
";
$num[]=240;
print_r($num);
?>

運行結果:
使用表達式新增陣列成員
Array ( [0] => 80 [1] => 120 [2] => 160 [3] => 240 )
實例二:array_pad函數,陣列陣列首尾選擇性追加

$num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160);
$num = array_pad($num,4,200);
echo "使用array_pad函數在陣列尾端新增成員
";
print_r($num);
echo "
array_pad 也可以填入陣列首部
";
$num = array_pad($num,-8,40);
print_r($num);
?>

運行結果:
使用array_pad函數在數組尾部添加成員
Array ( [0] => 80 [1] => 120 [2] => 160 [3] => 200 )
array_pad 也可以填入陣列首部
Array ( [0] => 40 [1] => 40 [2] => 40 [3] => 40 [4] => 80 [5] => 120 [6] => 160 [7] => 200 )
實例三:入棧操作追加(array_push):
$num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160);
array_push($num,200,240,280);//可以自己追加,直接加在陣列結尾
print_r($num);
?>

運行結果:
Array ( [1] => 80 [2] => 120 [3] => 160 [4] => 200 [5] => 240 [6] => 280 )
實例四:array_unshift()在開頭新增陣列成員

$num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160);
array_unshift($num,0,40);//可以自己追加,直接加在陣列結尾
print_r($num);
?>

運行結果:
Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 40 [2] => 80 [3] => 120 [4] => 160 )
注意:array_unshift()函數使用後數組的鍵值將會從0開始!
刪除陣列成員
實例一:unset()指令刪除陣列成員或陣列:
複製程式碼 程式碼如下:$num = array_fill(0,5,rand(1,10));
print_r($num);
echo "
";
unset($num[4]);
print_r($num);
echo "
";
unset($num);
if(is_array){
echo "unset指令不能刪除整個陣列";
}else{
echo "unset指令可以刪除陣列";
}
?>

運行結果:(運行出錯及說明數組也被刪除,不再存在)
Array ( [0] => 9 [1] => 9 [2] => 9 [3] => 9 [4] => 9 )
Array ( [0] => 9 [1] => 9 [2] => 9 [3] => 9 )

Notice: Use of undefined constant is_array - assumed 'is_array' in H:wampwwwtestingeditorplustest.php on line 21
unset指令不能刪除整個陣列
實例二:array_splice()函式刪除陣列成員
$a=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
count ($a); //得到4
array_splice($a,1,1); //刪除第二個元素
count ($a); //得到3
echo $a[2]; //得到yellow
echo $a[1]; //得到blue
?>

實例三:array_unique刪除陣列中的重複值:

$a=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow","blue","green");
$result = array_unique($a);
print_r($result);
?>
運行結果:
Array ( [0] => red [1] => green [2] => blue [3] => yellow )
實例四:array_merge、array_merge_recursive合併陣列
$array1 = array("r"=>"red",1,2,3,4);
$array2 = array("b"=>"blue",4=>5,6,7,8,9);
$array3 = array("r"=>"read",4=>10,2=>11);
$array4 = array(
array(4=>10),
array(7=>13)
);
$array5 = array(
array(4=>11),
array(6=>12)
);
$result = array_merge($array1,$array2,$array3,$array4,$array5);
echo "

";
<br>print_r($result); <br>echo "
";
$result = array_merge_recursive($array1,$array2,$array3,$array4,$array5);
echo "
"; <br>print_r ($result); <br>echo "
";
?>
Array
(
[r] => read
[0] => 1
[1] => 2
[2] => 3
[3] => 4
[b] => blue
[4] => 5
[5] => 6
[6] => 7
[7] => 8
[8] => 9
[9] => 10
[10] => 11
[11] => Array
(
[4] => 10
)

[12] => Array
(
[7] => 13
)

[13] => Array
(
[4] => 11
)

[14] => Array
(
[6] => 12
)

)
Array
(
[r] => Array
(
[0] => red
[1] => read
)

[0] => 1
[1] => 2
[2] => 3
[3] => 4
[b] => blue
[4] => 5
[5] => 6
[6] => 7
[7] => 8
[8] => 9
[9] => 10
[10] => 11
[11] => Array
(
[4] => 10
)

[12] => Array
(
[7] => 13
)

[13] => Array
(
[4] => 11
)

[14] => Array
(
[6] => 12
)

)
註:1. array_merge的鍵名是數字的將重新建立索引;遇到相同的字串鍵名時,後面的將覆蓋前面的。 2. array_merge_recursive函數的作用是將相同字串的鍵名單元整合成一個陣列。
6. 陣列的鍵值和值操作
實例一:in_array()偵測數組中是否有某個值存在

$array = range(0,9);
if(in_array(9,$array)){
echo "數組中存在";
}
?>
運行結果:數組中存在


實例二:key()取得數組目前的鍵名:

$array = range(0,9);
$num = rand(0,8);
while($num--)
next($array);
$key = key($array);
echo $key;
?>
此實例結果為動態結果,範圍(0-8),不做結果示範。


實例三:list()函數把數組中的值賦給指定變數:
array("小李","男",23)
);
echo "

";
while(list($keys,$value) = each($staff)){
list($name,$sex,$age) = $value;
echo "";
}
echo "
$name $sex $age
";
?>


實例四:array_flip()交換陣列的鍵值與值:

$array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black");
print_r($array);
echo "
";
$array = array_flip($array);
print_r($array);
?>

運行結果:
Array ( [0] => red [1] => blue [2] => yellow [3] => Black )
Array ( [red] => 0 [blue] => 1 [yellow] => 2 [Black] => 3 )

$array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black");
$result = array_keys($array);
print_r($result);
echo "
";
$result = array_values($array);
print_r($result);
?>

運行結果:
Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 1 [2] => 2 [3] => 3 )
Array ( [0] => red [1] => blue [2] => yellow [3] => Black )
實例六:array_search()搜尋數值:

$array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black");
$result = array_search("red",$array);
if(($result === NULL)){
echo "不存在數值red";
}else{
echo "存在數值 $result";
}
?>

結果:存在數值 0
函數array_search()傳回的值可能為false或0或NULL,所以在判斷時要注意要用"==="
7. 陣列的排序
實例一:sort()、rsort()/asort()、arsort()對陣列排序:

$array = array("b","c","d","a");
sort($array);//從低到高排序
print_r($array);
echo "
";
rsort($array);//逆向排序
print_r($array);
?>

結果:
Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d )
Array ( [0] => d [1] => c [2] => b [3] => a )
sort()、rsort()函數對陣列進行從低到高的排序,傳回結果為bool值;
asort()、arsort()函數是保留鍵值的排序,排序後鍵值不重新索引。
實例二:將陣列順序打亂-shuffle()函數:

$array = array("a","b","c","d");
shuffle($array);//從低到高排序
print_r($array);
?>

結果為動態結果:
Array ( [0] => c [1] => a [2] => d [3] => b )
shuffle的結果有點隨機的意味,每次刷新都不一樣。
實例三:array_reverse()數組反向:

$array = array("d","b","a","c");
$array = array_reverse($array);//從低到高排序
print_r($array);
?>

運行結果:
Array ( [0] => c [1] => a [2] => b [3] => d )
實例四:自然排序演算法-natsort()和natcasesort();

$array = array("sort2","Sort5","sort1","sort4");
natsort($array);//從低到高排序
print_r($array);
echo "
";
natcasesort($array);
print_r($array);
?>

結果:
Array ( [1] => Sort5 [2] => sort1 [0] => sort2 [3] => sort4 )
Array ( [2] => sort1 [0] => sort2 [3] => sort4 [1] => Sort5 )
natsort()、natcasesort()對陣列進行自然排序,就是使用數字的正常排序演算法。 natcasesort會忽略大小寫。
實例五:對陣列進行鍵值排序ksort():

$array = array(1=>"sort2",4=>"Sort5",2=>"sort1",3=>"sort4");
ksort($array);//從低到高排序
print_r($array);
?>

結果:
Array ( [1] => sort2 [2] => sort1 [3] => sort4 [4] => Sort5 )
注意:ksort()函數重新建立了索引。
8. 數組的其他用法

cout($array) --------統計數組的單元數
  array_diff($array1,$array2)----------統計數組之間的不同點,傳回第一個數組中有而第二個數組中沒有的。
  array_diff_assoc($array1,$array2)---------同array_diff(),只是它對鍵值也比較
  array_diff_key($array1,$array2)------------比較鍵值
  array_product($array)-----------傳回陣列的所有數的乘積
  array_sum($array)--------------所有數值的和
  array_rand($array,$n)----------在$array數組中取出$n個數值,傳回數組
  array_intersect($array1,$array2)----------------取得兩個陣列的交集
  array_intersect_assoc($array1,$array2)---------------在array_intersect 的基礎上進行鍵值比較
  array_intersect_key($array1,$array2)-----------------比較兩個陣列鍵值的交會  

以上就介紹了php數組使用技巧及操作總結,包括了方面的內容,希望對PHP教程有興趣的朋友有幫助。

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