使用物件導向的圖形計算器
- WBOY原創
- 2016-08-08 09:22:431422瀏覽
這個例子可能並不實用，但基本上概括了物件導向的三個特徵：繼承性，封裝性，多態性。本例的主要功能有：
- 讓使用者可以選擇不同類型的圖形；
- 對所選的圖形輸入其相關屬性；
- 根據輸入的屬性計算圖形的周長和麵積。
效果如下：
A:
- A部分就直接在index.思路中寫，點擊對應，使用了自動載入類別。
- B部分由form.class.php輸出，其中使用了變數函數，以$_GET["shape"]的值呼叫不同的函數，確定不同圖形的表單中input部分。
- C部分由result.class.php輸出。宣告一個抽象類，在rect,triangle,circle中實作抽象類別中計算面積和周長的計算方法，體現繼承性，封裝性和多態性，使用new $_GET["shape"]()實例化對應圖形的對象，再呼叫該對像中的方法，傳回週長和麵積。
需要改進的地方：
- 本範例只是為了作為演示類的幾個特性，並沒有對用戶的輸入進行過濾，可能造成注入攻擊，不適用於實際生產應用。實際應用時應該對使用者的輸入進行過濾，防止惡意攻擊。
- 沒有用DIV+CSS對頁面佈局進行優化，介面不是很友善。可以優化佈局，改善使用者體驗。
index.php程式碼如下：
<span> 1</span> <html>
<span> 2</span> <head>
<span> 3</span> <meta http-equiv="charset" c> 4</span> </head>
<span> 5</span> <body>
<span> 6</span> <div>
<span> 7</span> <h1>图形周长面积计算器</h1>
<span> 8</span> <!--点击链接的时候使用GET传递图形的形状属性给index.php,也就是页面本身-->
<span> 9</span> <a href="index.php?shape=rect">矩形</a>
<span>10</span> <a href="index.php?shape=triangle">三角形</a>
<span>11</span> <a href="index.php?shape=circle">圆形</a>
<span>12</span> </div>
<span>13</span> <div>
<span>14</span> <?<span>php
</span><span>15</span><span>/*</span><span>自动加载类</span><span>*/</span><span>16</span><span>function</span> __autoload(<span>$className</span><span>){
</span><span>17</span><span>include</span> (<span>strtolower</span>(<span>$className</span>).'.class.php'<span>);
</span><span>18</span><span> }
</span><span>19</span><span>20</span><span>/*</span><span>21</span><span> 1.先new一个Form对象，发现没有form类的定义，把类名Form传递到自动加载类的函数参数进行类的自动加载。
</span><span>22</span><span> 2.echo一个对象的引用，会调用该对象的__toString方法返回一个字符串，echo输出的就是对象返回的字符串，
</span><span>23</span><span> 这里输出一个表单等待用户的输入。
</span><span>24</span><span>*/</span><span>25</span><span>echo</span><span>new</span> Form("index.php"<span>);
</span><span>26</span><span>27</span><span>/*</span><span>如果用户点击了提交按钮，自动加载result类，输出结果</span><span>*/</span><span>28</span><span>if</span>(<span>isset</span>(<span>$_POST</span>["sub"<span>])){
</span><span>29</span><span>echo</span><span>new</span><span> result();
</span><span>30</span><span> }
</span><span>31</span> ?>
<span>32</span> </div>
<span>33</span> </body>
<span>34</span> </html>
form.class.php程式碼如下：
<span> 1</span> <?<span>php
</span><span> 2</span><span>/*</span><span> 3</span><span> project:面向对象版图形计算器
</span><span> 4</span><span> file:form.class.php
</span><span> 5</span><span> description:对不同的图形输出不同的表单
</span><span> 6</span><span>*/</span><span> 7</span><span>class</span><span> form{
</span><span> 8</span><span>private</span><span>$formAction</span>=<span>NULL</span>; <span>//</span><span>保存响应表单的文件</span><span> 9</span><span>private</span><span>$shape</span>=<span>NULL</span>; <span>//</span><span>保存图形的形状</span><span>10</span><span>11</span><span>/*</span><span>12</span><span> @param string $action 对象初始化传入的参数，代表响应的页面的是哪一个文件
</span><span>13</span><span>*/</span><span>14</span><span>function</span> __construct(<span>$action</span> = ""<span>){
</span><span>15</span><span>$this</span>->formAction = <span>$action</span>; <span>//</span><span>把传入的参数保存到$formAction中；</span><span>16</span><span>$this</span>->shape = <span>isset</span>(<span>$_GET</span>["shape"]) ? <span>$_GET</span>["shape"]:"rect"; <span>//</span><span>从表单传递的变量中获取图形类别，如没有传递，默认为矩形</span><span>17</span><span> }
</span><span>18</span><span>function</span><span> __toString(){
</span><span>19</span><span>$form</span> = '<form action="'.<span>$this</span>->formAction.'?shape='.<span>$this</span>->shape.'" method="post">'<span>;
</span><span>20</span><span>//</span><span>下面两行使用变量函数调用对应图形的私有函数，返回input部分表单的字符串</span><span>21</span><span>$shape</span> = 'get'.<span>ucfirst</span>(<span>$this</span>-><span>shape);
</span><span>22</span><span>$form</span> .= <span>$this</span>-><span>$shape</span><span>();
</span><span>23</span><span>24</span><span>$form</span> .= '</br><input type="submit" name="sub" value="计算"/></br>'<span>;
</span><span>25</span><span>$form</span> .= '</form>'<span>;
</span><span>26</span><span>27</span><span>return</span><span>$form</span><span>;
</span><span>28</span><span> }
</span><span>29</span><span>//</span><span>私有方法，返回矩形表单input部分的字符串；</span><span>30</span><span>private</span><span>function</span><span> getRect(){
</span><span>31</span><span>//</span><span>在表单提交后输入的内容继续显示，防止其消失</span><span>32</span><span>$formheight</span>=<span>isset</span>(<span>$_POST</span>['height']) ? <span>$_POST</span>['height'] : <span>NULL</span><span>;
</span><span>33</span><span>$formwidth</span>=<span>isset</span>(<span>$_POST</span>['width']) ? <span>$_POST</span>['width'] : <span>NULL</span><span>;
</span><span>34</span><span>$input</span> = '<p>请输入矩形的长和宽</p>'<span>;
</span><span>35</span><span>$input</span> .= '矩形的高度：<input type="text" name="height" value="'.<span>$formheight</span>.'"/><br></br>'<span>;
</span><span>36</span><span>$input</span> .= '矩形的宽度：<input type="text" name="width" value="'.<span>$formwidth</span>.'"/></br>'<span>;
</span><span>37</span><span>return</span><span>$input</span><span>;
</span><span>38</span><span> }
</span><span>39</span><span>//</span><span>返回三角形输入表单input部分的字符串</span><span>40</span><span>private</span><span>function</span><span> getTriangle(){
</span><span>41</span><span>//</span><span>在表单提交后继续显示出来，防止其消失</span><span>42</span><span>$formside1</span>=<span>isset</span>(<span>$_POST</span>['side1']) ? <span>$_POST</span>['side1'] : <span>NULL</span><span>;
</span><span>43</span><span>$formside2</span>=<span>isset</span>(<span>$_POST</span>['side2']) ? <span>$_POST</span>['side2'] : <span>NULL</span><span>;
</span><span>44</span><span>$formside3</span>=<span>isset</span>(<span>$_POST</span>['side3']) ? <span>$_POST</span>['side3'] : <span>NULL</span><span>;
</span><span>45</span><span>$input</span> = '<p>请输入三角形的三边</p>'<span>;
</span><span>46</span><span>$input</span> .= '边长1：<input type="text" name="side1" value="'.<span>$formside1</span>.'" /></br></br>'<span>;
</span><span>47</span><span>$input</span> .= '边长2：<input type="text" name="side2" value="'.<span>$formside2</span>.'"/></br></br>'<span>;
</span><span>48</span><span>$input</span> .= '边长3：<input type="text" name="side3" value="'.<span>$formside3</span>.'"/></br>'<span>;
</span><span>49</span><span>return</span><span>$input</span><span>;
</span><span>50</span><span> }
</span><span>51</span><span>//</span><span>返回圆形表单input部分的字符串</span><span>52</span><span>private</span><span>function</span><span> getCircle(){
</span><span>53</span><span>$formradius</span>=<span>isset</span>(<span>$_POST</span>['radius']) ? <span>$_POST</span>['radius'] : <span>NULL</span>; <span>//</span><span>在输入表单提交后内容继续显示出来，防止其消失</span><span>54</span><span>$input</span> = '<p>请输入半径</p>'<span>;
</span><span>55</span><span>$input</span> .= '半径：<input type="text" name="radius" value="'.<span>$formradius</span>.'"/></br>'<span>;
</span><span>56</span><span>return</span><span>$input</span><span>;
</span><span>57</span><span> }
</span><span>58</span><span> }
</span><span>59</span>
result.class.phpfo
<span> 1</span> <?<span>php
</span><span> 2</span><span>class</span><span> result{
</span><span> 3</span><span>private</span><span>$shape</span> = <span>NULL</span><span>;
</span><span> 4</span><span> 5</span><span>//</span><span>使用GET传递的变量，实例化一个相应的对象，返回一个对象的引用；</span><span> 6</span><span>function</span><span> __construct(){
</span><span> 7</span><span>$this</span>->shape = <span>new</span><span>$_GET</span>["shape"<span>]();
</span><span> 8</span><span> }
</span><span> 9</span><span>//</span><span>调用对象的属性和方法，返回周长和面积</span><span>10</span><span>function</span><span> __toString(){
</span><span>11</span><span>$result</span> = <span>$this</span>->shape->shapeName.'的周长为'.<span>$this</span>->shape->perimeter().'</br>'<span>;
</span><span>12</span><span>$result</span> .= <span>$this</span>->shape->shapeName.'的面积为'.<span>$this</span>->shape->area().'</br>'<span>;
</span><span>13</span><span>return</span><span>$result</span><span>;
</span><span>14</span><span> }
</span><span>15</span> }
子類triangle.class.php程式碼如下：
<span> 1</span> <?<span>php
</span><span> 2</span><span>/*</span><span> 3</span><span> project:面向对象版图形计算器
</span><span> 4</span><span> file:shape.class.php
</span><span> 5</span><span> description:抽象类，定义两个抽象方法area()和perimeter(),以及定义方法validate对输入的值进行验证
</span><span> 6</span><span>*/</span><span> 7</span><span>abstract</span><span>class</span><span> shape{
</span><span> 8</span><span>public</span><span>$shapeName</span>; <span>//</span><span>形状名称；</span><span> 9</span><span>abstract</span><span>function</span> area(); <span>//</span><span>抽象类area(),让子类去实现，体现多态性</span><span>10</span><span>abstract</span><span>function</span> perimeter(); <span>//</span><span>抽象类perimeter();</span><span>11</span><span>12</span><span>/*</span><span>13</span><span> @param mixed $value 接受表单输入值
</span><span>14</span><span> @param string $message 提示消息前缀
</span><span>15</span><span> @param boolean 返回值，成功为TRUE，失败为FALSE
</span><span>16</span><span>*/</span><span>17</span><span>protected</span><span>function</span> validate(<span>$value</span>,<span>$message</span> = "输入的值"<span>){
</span><span>18</span><span>if</span>(<span>$value</span> < 0 || <span>$value</span> == <span>NULL</span> || !<span>is_numeric</span>(<span>$value</span><span>)){
</span><span>19</span><span>$message</span> = <span>$this</span>->shapeName.<span>$message</span><span>;
</span><span>20</span><span>echo</span> '<font color="red">'.<span>$message</span>.'必须为正数</font><br>'<span>;
</span><span>21</span><span>return</span><span>FALSE</span><span>;
</span><span>22</span><span> }
</span><span>23</span><span>else</span><span>24</span><span>return</span><span>TRUE</span><span>;
</span><span>25</span><span> }
</span><span>26</span> }
子類circle.class.php程式碼如下：
<span> 1</span> <?<span>php
</span><span> 2</span><span>/*</span><span>*
</span><span> 3</span><span> project:面向对象版图形计算器
</span><span> 4</span><span> file:triangle.class.php
</span><span> 5</span><span> description：继承抽象类shape，计算并返回三角形的周长和面积
</span><span> 6</span><span>*/</span><span> 7</span><span>class</span> triangle <span>extends</span><span> shape{
</span><span> 8</span><span>private</span><span>$side1</span> = 0; <span>//</span><span>边长1；</span><span> 9</span><span>private</span><span>$side2</span> = 0; <span>//</span><span>边长2；</span><span>10</span><span>private</span><span>$side3</span> = 0; <span>//</span><span>边长3；</span><span>11</span><span>12</span><span>/*</span><span>13</span><span> 构造函数：对表单变量进行合理性验证，通过则初始化三个边长
</span><span>14</span><span>*/</span><span>15</span><span>function</span><span> __construct(){
</span><span>16</span><span>$this</span>->shapeName = "三角形"; <span>//</span><span>命名图形
</span><span>17</span><span>18</span><span> //使用父类的方法validate检查输入的是否为正数</span><span>19</span><span>if</span>(<span>$this</span>->validate(<span>$_POST</span>["side1"],"边长1") & <span>$this</span>->validate(<span>$_POST</span>["side2"],"边长2") & <span>$this</span>->validate(<span>$_POST</span>["side3"],"边长3"<span>)){
</span><span>20</span><span>21</span><span>//</span><span>使用私有方法验证两边和是否大于第三边</span><span>22</span><span>if</span>(<span>$this</span>->validatesum(<span>$_POST</span>["side1"],<span>$_POST</span>["side2"],<span>$_POST</span>["side3"<span>])){
</span><span>23</span><span>$this</span>->side1 = <span>$_POST</span>["side1"]; <span>//</span><span>若通过验证初始化三边；</span><span>24</span><span>$this</span>->side2 = <span>$_POST</span>["side2"<span>];
</span><span>25</span><span>$this</span>->side3 = <span>$_POST</span>["side3"<span>];
</span><span>26</span><span> }
</span><span>27</span><span>else</span><span>{
</span><span>28</span><span>echo</span> '<font color="red">两边的和要大于第三边</font>'<span>;
</span><span>29</span><span>exit</span><span>();
</span><span>30</span><span> }
</span><span>31</span><span> }
</span><span>32</span><span>else</span><span>{
</span><span>33</span><span>exit</span><span>();
</span><span>34</span><span> }
</span><span>35</span><span> }
</span><span>36</span><span>/*</span><span>使用海伦公式计算面积,并返回结果</span><span>*/</span><span>37</span><span>function</span><span> area(){
</span><span>38</span><span>$s</span> = (<span>$_POST</span>["side1"] + <span>$_POST</span>["side2"] + <span>$_POST</span>["side3"])/2<span>;
</span><span>39</span><span>return</span><span>sqrt</span>(<span>$s</span> * (<span>$s</span> - <span>$_POST</span>["side1"]) * (<span>$s</span> - <span>$_POST</span>["side2"]) * (<span>$s</span> - <span>$_POST</span>["side3"<span>]));
</span><span>40</span><span> }
</span><span>41</span><span>/*</span><span>计算并返回周长</span><span>*/</span><span>42</span><span>function</span><span> perimeter(){
</span><span>43</span><span>return</span><span>$_POST</span>["side1"] + <span>$_POST</span>["side2"] + <span>$_POST</span>["side3"<span>];
</span><span>44</span><span> }
</span><span>45</span><span>/*</span><span>计算三角形两边和是否大于第三边，是返回TRUE，否返回FALSE</span><span>*/</span><span>46</span><span>private</span><span>function</span> validatesum(<span>$side1</span>,<span>$side2</span>,<span>$side3</span><span>){
</span><span>47</span><span>if</span>((<span>$side1</span> + <span>$side2</span>) > <span>$side3</span> && (<span>$side1</span> + <span>$side3</span>) > <span>$side2</span> && (<span>$side2</span> + <span>$side3</span>) > <span>$side1</span><span>)
</span><span>48</span><span>return</span><span>TRUE</span><span>;
</span><span>49</span><span>else</span><span>50</span><span>return</span><span>FALSE</span><span>;
</span><span>51</span><span> }
</span><span>52</span> }
聲明： 1.本文只適合實驗，不適合現實應用，若造成不良後果，本人概不負責。
2.本文為原創博客，可以在個人平台自由轉載，但需要註明出處，附上鏈接，否則視為盜用。嚴禁用於商業用途，如有需要，聯絡本人支付稿費，授權後方可使用。
以上就介紹了使用物件導向的圖形計算器，包括了方面的內容，希望對PHP教程有興趣的朋友有所幫助。
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