五步驟教你實作使用Nginx+uWSGI+Django方法部署Django程式

Django的部署可以有很多方式，採用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中較常見的一種方式。 在這種方式中，我們的通常做法是，將nginx作為伺服器最前端，它將接收WEB的所有請求，統一管理請求。 nginx把所有靜態請求自己來處理（這是NGINX的強項）。然後，NGINX將所有非靜態請求透過uwsgi傳遞給Django，由Django來進行處理，從而完成一次WEB請求。 可見，uwsgi的作用就類似一個橋接器。起到橋樑的作用。

NOTE：不使用nginx，只使用uwsgi+django也是可以實現WEB服務的。 uwsgi也可以直接處理WEB請求。

為了完成上述的方式部署，我將分成兩篇文章來分別進行闡述。

第一步先解決uwsgi與django的橋接。解決在沒有nginx的情況下，如何使用uwsgi+DJANGO來實作一個簡單的Web伺服器。

第二步解決uwsgi與Nginx的橋接。透過nginx與uwsgi的橋接，打通nginx與django的連通，從而比較完美的實現django的部署。

本文將分成五步驟來詳細闡述uwsgi+django的部署方式。 nginx+uwsgi+django的部署將在下一篇 文章中闡述。 本文大綱：

環境介紹

安裝uwsgi

測試uwsgi

設定django

django和uwsgi，實現簡單的設定django

django和uws

環境介紹

Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS

django 1.4.2

安裝uwsgi1.安裝安裝uwsgi pip.html2.安裝uwsgi

<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>$ <spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>export <spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>LDFLAGS<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>=<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>"-Xlinker --no-as-needed"<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>$ pip install uwsgi
</spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino>

測試uwsgi在你的機器上寫一個test.py

# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return "Hello World"

然後執行shell網頁.0.1:8001/看在網頁上有沒有Hello World設定django

NOTE：

請保證你的django專案是正常使用的。可以使用

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002

來測試一下你的django專案是否能正常跑起來。

請確保你的django程式已經關閉。

編寫django_wsgi.py文件，將其放在與文件manage.py同一個目錄下。 注意： 撰寫檔案時需要注意語句os.environ.setdefault。例如，如果你的專案為mysite，則你的語句應該是 os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")

uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14

<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-style:italic>#!/usr/bin/env python<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-style:italic># coding: utf-8<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>import<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>os<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>import<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>sys<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-style:italic># 将系统的编码设置为UTF8<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>reload<spanpalatino linotype new roman>(<spanpalatino linotype new roman>sys<spanpalatino linotype new roman>)<spanpalatino linotype new roman>sys<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>setdefaultencoding<spanpalatino linotype new roman>(<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>'utf8'<spanpalatino linotype new roman>)<spanpalatino linotype new roman>os<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>environ<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>setdefault<spanpalatino linotype new roman>(<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>"DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"<spanpalatino linotype new roman>,<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>"mysite.settings"<spanpalatino linotype new roman>)<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>from<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>django.core.handlers.wsgi<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>import<spanpalatino linotype new roman>WSGIHandler<spanpalatino linotype new roman>application<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>=<spanpalatino linotype new roman>WSGIHandler<spanpalatino linotype new roman>()</spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino>

🎜🎜🎜🎜

uwsgi --http :8000 --chdir /home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite --module django_wsgi

🎜🎜🎜🎜🎜🎜

<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><uwsgi><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><socket>:8077<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></spanpalatino></socket><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><chdir>/home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></spanpalatino></chdir><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><module>django_wsgi<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></spanpalatino></module><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><processes>4<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></spanpalatino></processes><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-style:italic><!-- 进程数 --><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><daemonize>uwsgi.log<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></spanpalatino></daemonize><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></uwsgi></spanpalatino>

🎜🎜🎜

连接django和uwsgi，实现简单的Web服务器。

我们假设你的Django项目的地址是/home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite，然后，就可以执行以下命令：

uwsgi --http :8000 --chdir /home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite --module django_wsgi

这样，你就可以在浏览器中访问你的Django程序了。所有的请求都是经过uwsgi传递给Django程序的。

最后：

关于如何将uwsgi与Nginx连接，可以期待下篇文章 《五步教你实现使用Nginx+Uwsgi+Django方法部署Django程序(下)》最后面，请大家要支持Django中国社区哦，单靠一两个人是不行的，一起推广一下，让Django社区更有力量哈！更有人气哈！推广链接： http://django-china.cn/

参考、解释及其它

wsgi: WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器（如nginx）与应用服务器（如uWSGI服务器）通信的一种规范。

关于WSGI协议看这里：WSGI

uWSGI: http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html uWSGI是一个Web服务器，它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。 Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。

uwsgi: uwsgi同WSGI一样是一种通信协议，而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。

uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议，它用于定义传输信息的类型（type of information），每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述，它与WSGI相比是两样东西。

关于uwsgi协议看这里：The uwsgi protocol

有了uWSGI为什么还需要nginx？

nginx具备优秀的静态内容处理能力，然后将动态内容转发给uWSGI服务器，这样可以达到很好的客户端响应。

参考文献：http://heipark.iteye.com/blog/1750970

当然，单单只有uWSGI是不够的，在实际的部署环境中，Nginx是必不可少的工具。

在本篇文章中，我将一直延用“N步法”的风格来阐述如何将uWSGI与Nginx做连接来部署Django程序。并在最后，会较为完整的阐述本社区的部署方法。本文大纲：

环境介绍

配置uWSGI

配置Nginx

Nginx+uWSGI+Django的实现方式

一些建议

环境介绍

Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS

django 1.4.2

nginx/1.2.6

uWSGI 1.4.4

关于uWSGI的安装可参见上一篇文章 上一篇文章《五步教你实现使用Nginx+uWSGI+Django方法部署Django程序(上)》我们假定你已经安装好Nginx了。

配置uWSGI

在上一篇文章《五步教你实现使用Nginx+uWSGI+Django方法部署Django程序(上)》中,我们是直接使用命令行来启动uWSGI，在实际部署环境中，我们常用的是配置文件的方式，而非命令行的方式。我的一般做法是用命令行来测试是否uWSGI安装成功，然后用配置文件来真正部署。另外，为了实现Nginx与uWSGI的连接，两者之间将采用soket来通讯方式。在本节中，我们将使用uWSGI配置文件的方式来改进uWSGI的启动方式。假定你的程序目录是 /home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite我们将要让Nginx采用8077端口与uWSGI通讯，请确保此端口没有被其它程序采用。注意，请确定你在上一节《五步教你实现使用Nginx+uWSGI+Django方法部署Django程序(上)》中的django_wsgi.py文件已经存在了。新建一个XML文件：djangochina_socket.xml，将它放在 /home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite 目录下：

<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><uwsgi><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><socket>:8077<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></spanpalatino></socket><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><chdir>/home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></spanpalatino></chdir><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><module>django_wsgi<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></spanpalatino></module><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><processes>4<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></spanpalatino></processes><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-style:italic><!-- 进程数 --><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><daemonize>uwsgi.log<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></spanpalatino></daemonize><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></uwsgi></spanpalatino>

在上面的配置中，我们使用 uwsgi.log 来记录日志，开启4个进程来处理请求。这样，我们就配置好uWSGI了。

配置Nginx

我们假设你将会把Nginx程序日志放到你的目录/home/work/var/test/logs/下，请确保该目录存在。我们假设你的Django的static目录是/home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/collectedstatic/ ， media目录是/home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/public/media/，请确保这些目录存在。我们假设你的域名是 www.you.com （在调试时你可以设置成你的机器IP）我们假设你的域名端口是 80（在调试时你可以设置一些特殊端口如 8070）基于上面的假设，我们为conf/nginx.conf添加以下配置

<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>server<spanpalatino linotype new roman>{<spanpalatino linotype new roman>listen<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>80<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>server_name<spanpalatino linotype new roman>www<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>you<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>com<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>access_log<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>home<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>work<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>var<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>test<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>logs<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>access<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>log<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>error_log<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>home<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>work<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>var<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>test<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>logs<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>error<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>log<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>#charse<spanpalatino linotype new roman>t<spanpalatino linotype new roman>koi8<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>-<spanpalatino linotype new roman>r<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>#access<spanpalatino linotype new roman>_log<spanpalatino linotype new roman>logs<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>host<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>access<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>log<spanpalatino linotype new roman>main<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>location<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>{<spanpalatino linotype new roman><strong>include</strong><spanpalatino linotype new roman>uwsgi_params<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>uwsgi_pass<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>127<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>0<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>0<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>1<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>:<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>8077<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>}<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>#error_page<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>404<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>404<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>.html<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>#<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>redirect<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>server<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>error<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>pages<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>to<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>the<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>static<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>page<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>50x<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>.html<spanpalatino linotype new roman>#<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>error_page<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>500<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>502<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>503<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>504<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>50x<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>.html<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>location<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>=<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>50x<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>.html<spanpalatino linotype new roman>{<spanpalatino linotype new roman>root<spanpalatino linotype new roman>html<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>}<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>location<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>static<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>{<spanpalatino linotype new roman>alias<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>home<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>work<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>src<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>sites<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>testdjango1<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>testdjango<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>collectedstatic<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>index<spanpalatino linotype new roman>index<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>html<spanpalatino linotype new roman>index<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>htm<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>}<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>location<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>media<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>{<spanpalatino linotype new roman>alias<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>home<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>work<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>src<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>sites<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>testdjango1<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>testdjango<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>public<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>media<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>}<spanpalatino linotype new roman>}</spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino>

在上面的设置后，可以让Nginx来处理静态文件(/static/ 和 /media/ ）。非静态文件请求Nginx会发给 socket 8077，然后让uWSGI来进行处理。

Nginx+uWSGI+Django的实现方式

在完成上面配置后，需要按以下步骤来做：

重启Nginx服务器，以使Nginx的配置生效。

nginx -s  reload

重启后检查Nginx日志是否有异常。

启动uWSGI服务器

cd /home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite

uwsgi -x djangochina_socket.xml

检查日志 uwsgi.log 是否有异常发现。

访问服务

基于上面的假设你的域名是www.you.com

因此，我们访问 www.you.com，如果发现程序与 单独使用Django启动的程序一模一样时，就说明成功啦！

关闭服务的方法

将uWSGi进程杀死即可。

一些建议

uWSG配置文件的进程数，可以根据实际情况分配。不要开得太大，否则机器可能会内存耗用太高。一般来说，对于一个小社区来说，4个进程已经足够了。

一般情况下，可以编写一下 stop.sh 脚本 来关闭uWSGI。

以上就介绍了五步教你实现使用Nginx+uWSGI+Django方法部署Django程序，包括了方面的内容，希望对PHP教程有兴趣的朋友有所帮助。