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php+mysql+nginx在linux上的環境部署

WBOY
WBOY原創
2016-07-25 09:12:28822瀏覽

一直在linux上鼓搗,還沒有完整在linux下配置過nginx伺服器環境部署呢,這幾天沒什麼事就部署了一下,遇到的問題也很多,現在把我的環境部署文檔發出了,有什麼問題大家可以一起討論一下,希望大家採用後遇到問題多多溝通。



|| 安裝需要各種依賴套件



sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y 安裝gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2vel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-開發 krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers


1.編譯安裝PHP 5.2.14所需的支援函式庫:
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
使
進行安裝
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./配置
使
進行安裝
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
使
進行安裝
cd ../../



tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./配置
使
進行安裝
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./配置
使
進行安裝
cd ../

關於/etc/ld.so.conf:
這個檔案記錄了編譯時使用的動態連結函式庫的路徑。
預設情況下,編譯器只需使用/lib和/usr/lib這兩個目錄下的函式庫檔
將自己可能存放庫檔案的路徑都加入/etc/ld.so.conf是明智的選擇
新增方法也很簡單,將庫檔案的絕對路徑直接寫進去就OK了,一行一個。例如:
/usr/X11R6/lib
/usr/local/lib
/opt/lib

ldconfig是什麼?
它是一個程序,通常它位於/sbin下,供root使用者使用。它的作用是將/etc/ld.so.conf首發的路徑下的庫文件緩存到/etc/ld.so.cache以供使用使用時,因此當安裝完一些庫文件,或者修改ld.so. conf新增新的庫路徑後,需要執行一下/sbin/ldconfig,使所有的庫檔案都被快取到ld.so.cache中,如果沒有即使做,庫文件明明就在/usr/lib下的,也不會被使用的,結果編譯過程中報錯,缺少xxx函式庫。切記下庫檔案後一定要執行ldconfig,在任何目錄下運作都可以。
2、編譯安裝MySQL 5.5.3-m3
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.3-m3/
./configure --prefix=/home/pubsrc/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline - -with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make && make install
chmod +w /home/pubsrc/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /home/pubsrc/mysql/
cd ../
  ①、建立mysql資料庫存放目錄
mkdir -p /home/pubsrc/mysql/data/
mkdir -p /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/binlog/
mkdir -p /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/relaylog/
chown -R mysql:mysql /home/pubsrc/mysql/
②、以mysql用戶帳號的身分建立資料表:
/home/pubsrc/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/home/pubsrc/mysql --datadir=/home/pubsrc/mysql/data --user=mysql
③、建立my.cnf設定檔:
vi /home/pubsrc/mysql/my.cnf
輸入以下內容:
[客戶]
#字符集伺服器 = utf8
連接埠 = 3306
幫助 = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
#字符集伺服器 = utf8
複製-忽略-db = mysql
複製-忽略-db = 檢定
複製-忽略-db = information_schema
使用者 = mysql
連接埠 = 3306
幫助 = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /home/pubsrc/mysql
datadir = /home/pubsrc/mysql/data
日誌錯誤 = /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /home/pubsrc/mysql/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 600
最大連線數 = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
表儲存 = 614
外部鎖定 = FALSE
max_allowed_pa​​cket = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
預設儲存引擎 = MyISAM
執行緒堆疊 = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 3
記錄從屬更新
log-bin = /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = 混合
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
中繼日誌索引 = /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/relaylog
中繼日誌資訊檔 = /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/relaylog
中繼日誌 = /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover

交互超時 = 120
wait_timeout = 120

跳過名稱解析
#master-connect-retry = 10
從機跳過錯誤 = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

#master-host = 192.168.1.2
#master-user = 使用者名稱
#主密碼=密碼
#主連接埠 = 3306

伺服器 ID = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0

#log-slow-queries = /home/pubsrc/mysql/logs/slow.log
#long_query_time = 10

[mysqldump]
快點
max_allowed_pa​​cket = 32M


④、建立管理MySQL資料庫的shell腳本:
vi /home/pubsrc/mysql/mysql
#!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"

function_start_mysql()
{
printf "正在啟動 MySQL...n"
/bin/sh /home/pubsrc/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/pubsrc/mysql/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}

function_stop_mysql()
{
printf "停止 MySQL...n"
/home/pubsrc/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}

function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "正在重新啟動 MySQL...n"
function_stop_mysql
睡覺5
function_start_mysql
}

function_kill_mysql()
{
Kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
Kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}

如果[“$1”=“開始”];然後
function_start_mysql
elif [“$1”=“停止”];然後
function_stop_mysql
elif [“$1”=“重新啟動”];然後
function_restart_mysql
elif [“$1”=“殺死”];然後
function_kill_mysql
其他
printf " 用法:/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}n"
fi
⑤、賦予shell腳本執行權限:
chmod +x /home/pubsrc/mysql/mysql
⑥、啟動MySQL:
/home/pubsrc/mysql/mysql start
⑦、透過命令列登入管理MySQL伺服器(提示輸入密碼時直接回車):
/home/pubsrc/mysql/bin/mysql -u admin -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
⑧、輸入以下SQL語句,建立一個具有root權限的使用者(admin)和密碼(12345678):
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
⑨、(可選)停止MySQL:
/home/pubsrc/mysql/mysql stop
3.編譯安裝PHP(FastCGI模式)
tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1
cd php-5.2.14/




./configure --prefix=/home/pubsrc/php --with-config-file-path=/home/pubsrc/php/etc --with-mysql=/home/pubsrc/mysql --with-mysqli=/ /home/pubsrc/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem - -enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap - -with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear


make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
4.編譯安裝PHP5擴充模組
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/home/pubsrc/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/home/pubsrc/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/home/pubsrc/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/home/pubsrc/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/home/pubsrc/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/home/pubsrc/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/home/pubsrc/mysql
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/home/pubsrc/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/home/pubsrc/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
5、修改php.ini檔
  手工修改:找出/home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
  修改為extension_dir = "/home/pubsrc/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
  並在此行後面增加以下幾行,然後儲存:
   extension = "memcache.so"
   extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
   extension = "imagick.so"

   再找output_buffering = Off
   修改為output_buffering = On

   再找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
   修改為cgi.fix_pathinfo=0,防止Nginx檔案類型錯誤解析漏洞。

   自動修改:若嫌手動修改麻煩,可執行以下shell指令,自動完成對php.ini檔案的修改:
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/home/pubsrc/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"nextension = "memcache.so"nextension = " pdo_mysql.so"nextension = "imagick.so"n#' /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g" /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini
6.配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
mkdir -p /home/pubsrc/eaccelerator_cache
vi /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g鍵跳到設定檔的最末尾,加上以下設定資訊:
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/home/pubsrc/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/home/pubsrc/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7.建立www使用者和群組,以及供blog.test.com和www.test.com兩個虛擬主機使用的目錄:
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
 8、建立php-fpm設定檔(php-fpm是為PHP打的一個FastCGI管理補丁,可以平滑變更php.ini配置而無需重啟php-cgi):
  在/home/pubsrc/php/etc/目錄中建立php-fpm.conf檔:
rm -f /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /home/pubsrc/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
輸入以下內容(如果您安裝Nginx + PHP 用於程式偵錯,請將以下的0改為1,以便顯示PHP錯誤訊息,否則,Nginx 會報狀態為500的空白錯誤頁):






All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix



Pid file
/home/pubsrc/php/logs/php-fpm.pid

Error log file
/home/pubsrc/php/logs/php-fpm.log

Log level
notice

When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
10

... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
1m

Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
5s

Set to 'no' to debug fpm
yes







Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
default

Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' 或 just 'port' 或 '/path/to/unix/socket'
127.0.0.1:9000



Set listen(2) backlog
-1

Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.


0666


Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.

/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
1


Unix user of processes
www

Unix group of processes
www

Process manager settings


Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
static

設定同時處理的請求數量的限制。
相當於 Apache MaxClients 指令。
相當於原php.fcgi中的PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN環境
與任何 pm_style 一起使用。
128

「類似 apache」pm 風格的設定群組


設定啟動時所建立的伺服器進程數。
僅在選擇「類似 apache」的 pm_style 時使用
20

設定所需的最小空閒伺服器進程數。
僅在選擇「類似 apache」的 pm_style 時使用
5

設定所需的最大空閒伺服器進程數。
僅在選擇「類似 apache」的 pm_style 時使用
35





服務單一請求的超時(以秒為單位),之後工作進程將被終止
當 'max_execution_time' ini 選項因某種原因無法停止腳本執行時應使用
“0s”表示“關閉”
0秒

服務單一請求的逾時(以秒為單位),之後 php 回溯將被轉儲到 Slow.log 檔案
“0s”表示“關閉”
0秒

緩慢請求的日誌檔
logs/slow.log

設定開啟檔案描述限制
65535

設定最大核心大小 rlimit
0

一開始chroot到這個目錄,絕對路徑


一開始chdir到這個目錄,絕對路徑


將工作人員的 stdout 和 stderr 重新導向到主錯誤日誌中。
如果未設置,根據 FastCGI 規範,它們將被重定向到 /dev/null
是的

每個行程在重生之前應執行多少請求。
對於解決第 3 方庫中的記憶體洩漏很有用。
對於無休止的請求處理,請指定 0
相當於 PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
102400

允許連線的 FastCGI 用戶端的 ipv4 位址的逗號分隔清單。
相當於原php.fcgi(5.2.2+)中的FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS環境
僅對 AF_INET 監聽套接字有意義。
127.0.0.1

傳遞環境變量,如 LD_LIBRARY_PATH
所有 $VARIABLE 均取自當前環境

$HOSTNAME
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
/tmp
/tmp
/tmp
$OSTYPE
$MACHTYPE
2








9.啟動php-cgi進程,監聽127.0.0.1的9000個端口,進程數為128(如果伺服器記憶體小於3GB,可以只開啟64個進程),用戶為www:
ulimit -SHn 65535
/home/pubsrc/php/sbin/php-fpm start
註:/home/pubsrc/php/sbin/php-fpm還有其他參數,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini後不重啟php-cgi,重新載入設定檔使用reload 。
三、安裝Nginx 0.8.46
  1、安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫:
tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.10/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安裝Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.46/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/home/pubsrc/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
3.建立Nginx日誌目錄
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、建立Nginx設定檔
  ①、在/home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/目錄中建立nginx.conf檔:
rm -f /home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
輸入以下內容:
user www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /home/pubsrc/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /home/pubsrc/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}

http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

#charset gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server
{
listen 4590;
server_name www.inner.bbs.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /home/wwwroot/bbs;

#limit_conn crawler 20;

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)?$
{
expires 30d;
}

location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}

log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /home/pubsrc/nginx/logs/access.log access;
}

server
{
listen 4591;
server_name www.inner.uc.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/uc;

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /home/pubsrc/nginx/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
}
}
②、在/home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/目錄中建立fcgi.conf檔:
vi /home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
輸入以下內容:
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

# 僅限 PHP,如果 PHP 是使用 --enable-force-cgi-redirect 建構的,則為簡單
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5.啟動Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、設定啟動 自動啟動Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在會議中增加以下內容:
ulimit -SHn 65535
/home/pubsrc/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/nginx
五、最佳化Linux核心參數
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在會議中增加以下內容:
#新增
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
使用設定立即生效:
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服務的情況下平滑更改Nginx配置
  1.修改/home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf設定檔後,請執行以下指令檢查設定檔是否正確:
/home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果螢幕顯示以下兩行信息,表示設定檔正確:
   設定檔 /home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 語法沒問題
   設定檔/home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf測試成功

  2、平滑重啟:
   ①、對於Nginx 0.8.x版本,現在平滑重啟Nginx設定非常簡單,執行以下指令即可:
/home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/nginx -s 重新載入
②、對於Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本,平滑重啟有點麻煩,請按照以下步驟進行即可。 ps-ef | grep "nginx: 主程序" | grep -v“grep”| awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
  螢幕顯示的即為Nginx主進程號,例如:
   6302
   此時,執行以下指令即可使修改過的Nginx設定檔生效:
殺死 -HUP 6302
或耗這麼麻煩,找到Nginx的Pid檔:
Kill -HUP `cat /home/pubsrc/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、編寫每天定時切割Nginx日誌的腳本
  1.建立腳本/home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
  輸入以下內容:
#!/bin/bash
# 該腳本在 00:00 執行

# Nginx 日誌路徑
logs_path="/home/pubsrc/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "昨天" +"%Y")/$(date -d "昨天" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "昨天" +"%Y")/$(date -d "昨天" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "昨天" " " +"%Y%m%d").log
Kill -USR1 `cat /home/pubsrc/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、設定crontab,每天凌晨00:00切割nginx存取日誌
crontab –e
輸入以下內容:
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

開啟php.ini中的cgi.fix_pathinfo=0,防止Nginx檔案類型錯誤解析漏洞。
3,創建nginx啟東腳本
vi nginxctl
輸入一下內容
#!/bin/bash

BIN=/home/pubsrc/nginx/sbin/nginx
PID=/home/pubsrc/nginx/nginx.pid
case $1 in
start)
$BIN -c /home/pubsrc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf;
exit $?;
;;
stop)
kill $(cat $PID);
exit $?;
;;
reload)
kill -HUP $(cat $PID);
exit $?;
;;
rotate)
kill -USR1 $(cat $PID);
exit $?;
;;
port)
echo "Your port is $(( 4000 + $(id -u) ))";
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|roate|port}";
exit 1;
esac
最後賦予可執行權限
chmod 777 nginxctl



CentOS系統上CentOS Memcached安裝。
1.CentOS Memcached安裝前需先安裝Libevent:
# curl -O http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.4.9-stable.tar.gz
# tar zxf libevent-1.4.9-stable.tar.gz
# cd libevent-1.4.9-stable
# ./configure
# make
# make install
2.繼續CentOS Memcached安裝:
# curl -O http://www.danga.com/memcached/dist/memcached-1.2.7.ta​​r.gz
# tar zxf memcached-1.2.7.ta​​r.gz
# cd memcached-1.2.7
# ./configure
# make
# make install
3.CentOS Memcached安裝接著在目前使用者的.bash_profile中加入
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
4.CentOS Memcached運行
# memcached -m 512 -u nobody -vv
測試時候發現會出現以下錯誤訊息:
“/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached: error while loading shared libraries: libevent-1.4.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory”
錯誤的原因是未在系統中註冊Libevent.解決方法如下:
# vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libevent-i386.conf
在VI中輸入以下一行內容:
/usr/local/lib/
最後不要忘了
# ldconfig
5.CentOS Memcached運行
# memcached -m 512 -u nobody -vv
CentOS Memcached運作正常。
以上介紹CentOS Memcached安裝及運行檢測。


1.啟動Memcache 常用參數
-p 設定連接埠號碼(預設不設定為: 11211)
-U UDP監聽埠(預設: 11211, 0 時關閉)
-l 綁定位址(預設:所有都允許,無論內外網或本機更換IP,有安全隱患,若設定為127.0.0.1就只能本機存取)
-d 獨立進程運行
-u 綁定使用指定用於運行進程
-m 允許最大記憶體用量,單位M (預設: 64 MB)
-P 將PID寫入檔案,這樣可以使得後邊進行快速進程終止, 需要與-d 一起使用









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