Python中使用platform模組來取得系統資訊的用法教程

作業系統相關

• system() : 作業系統類型(見例)
• version(): 作業系統版本
• release(): 作業系統發布號, 例如win 7回傳7, 還有如NT, 2.2.0之類.
• platform(aliased=0, terse=0): 作業系統資訊字串,扥與system() win32_ver()[:3]
• win32_ver(release='', version='', csd='', ptype=''): win系統相關資訊
• linux_distribution(distname='', version='', id='', supported_dists=('SuSE', 'debiaare', 'yellowdog', 'gentoo', 'UnitedLinux', 'turbolinux'), full_distribution_name= 1): Linux系統相關資訊
• dist(distname='', version='', id='', supported_dists=('SuSE', 'debian', 'fedora', 'redhat', 'centos', 'mandrake', 'mandriva' , 'rocks', 'slackware', 'yellowdog', 'gentoo', 'UnitedLinux', 'turbolinux')): 嘗試取得Linux OS發布版本資訊.回傳(distname,version,id). dist是發布版本的意思.
• mac_ver(release='', versioninfo=(‘', ‘', ‘'), machine=''): mac版本
• java_ver(release='', vendor='', vminfo=(‘', ‘', ‘'), osinfo=(‘', ‘', ‘')): java版本
• libc_ver(executable=r'c:Python27python.exe', lib='', version='', chunksize=2048): libc版本,linux相關吧.

以上對應版本查詢的回傳元組和其形參對應.

platform.system()
'Linux' # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
'Windows' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
'Windows' # python 3.3.2 64 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
'Darwin' # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4
'Java' 

platform.version()
'#1 SMP Debian 3.10.11-1 (2013-09-10)' # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
'6.2.9200' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
'6.2.9200' # python 3.3.2 64 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
'Darwin Kernel Version 13.3.0: Tue Jun 3 21:27:35 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2422.110.17~1/RELEASE_X86_64' # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4

platform()
'Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1'

win32_ver()
('7', '6.1.7601', 'SP1', u'Multiprocessor Free')

platform.dist()
('debian', 'jessie/sid', '') # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits

系統資訊

• uname(): 返回元組,system, node, release, version, machine, processor.
• architecture(executable=r'c:Python27python.exe', bits='', linkage=''): 系統架構
• machine() : CPU平台,AMD,x86?(見例)
• node() : 節點名(機器名,如Hom-T400)
• processor() : CPU資訊
• system_alias(system, release, version): 回傳對應元組..沒何屌用.
• platform.architecture()

('64bit', 'ELF') # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
('32bit', 'WindowsPE') # python 2.7.2 32 bits on windows 7 64 bits
('64bit', 'WindowsPE') # python 3.3.2 64 bits on wndows 8.1 64 bits
('64bit', '') # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4

platform.machine()
'x86_64' # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
'AMD64' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
'AMD64' # python 3.3.2 64 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
'x86_64' # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4

platform.node()
'Hom-T400' 

platform.processor()
'Intel64 Family 6 Model 23 Stepping 10, GenuineIntel'

platform.uname()
('Windows', 'Hom-T400', '7', '6.1.7601', 'AMD64', 'Intel64 Family 6 Model 23 Stepping 10, GenuineIntel')

uname_result(system='Linux', node='work', release='3.10-3-amd64', version='#1 SMP Debian 3.10.11-1 (2013-09-10)', machine='x86_64', processor='') # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
 
uname_result(system='Windows', node='work-xxx', release='8', version='6.2.9200', machine='AMD64', processor='Intel64 Family 6 Model 58 Stepping 9,GenuineIntel') # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
 
uname_result(system='Darwin', node='mba', release='13.3.0', version='Darwin Kernel Version 13.3.0: Tue Jun 3 21:27:35 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2422.110.17~1/RELEASE_X86_64', machine='x86_64', processor='i386') # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4

Python相關

• python_version(): py版本號
• python_branch(): python分支(子版本資訊),一般為空.
• python_build(): python編譯號(default)和日期.
• python_compiler(): py編譯器資訊
• python_implementation(): python安裝履行方式,如CPython, Jython, Pypy, IronPython(.net)等.
• python_revision(): python型修改版資訊,一般為空.
• python_version_tuple():python版本號分割後的tuple.
• popen(cmd, mode='r', bufsize=None): portable popen() 介面,執行各種指令.
• python_verison()

'3.3.2+' # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
'3.3.3' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
python_version_tuple()
('2', '7', '2')
python_build()
('default', 'Jun 12 2011 15:08:59')
python_compiler()
'MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)'
pl.python_implementation()
'CPython'

取得使用者名稱：

>>> import getpass 
>>> getpass.getuser() 
'root'

取得環境變數：

>>> import os
>>> import pwd
>>> os.environ['LANG']
'en_US.UTF-8'
>>> print os.getenv('LANG')
en_US.UTF-8
>>> print os.getenv('PWD')
/root
>>> print os.getenv('HOME')
/root
>>> print os.getenv('USER')
root
>>> print os.getenv('HOSTNAME')
localhost.localdomain
>>> print os.getenv('SHELL')
/bin/bash
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())
pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name='root', pw_passwd='x', pw_uid=0, pw_gid=0, pw_gecos='root', pw_dir='/root', pw_shell='/bin/bash')
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0] #获得用户名
'root'
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[5] #获得家目录
'/root'
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[6] #获得shell
'/bin/bash'

還有個os.environ.get，會回傳所有環境變數為一個字典