实现CSS等分布局的4种方式_html/css_WEB-ITnose

× 目录 [1]float [2]inline-block [3]table [4]flex

前面的话

　　等分布局是指子元素平均分配父元素宽度的布局方式，本文将介绍实现等分布局的4种方式

 

思路一: float 

　　缺点:结构和样式存在耦合性，IE7-浏览器下对宽度百分比取值存在四舍五入的误差

【1】float + padding + background-clip

　　使用padding来实现子元素之间的间距，使用background-clip使子元素padding部分不显示背景

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.parentWrap{    overflow: hidden;}.parent{    margin-right: -20px;    overflow: hidden;}.child{    float: left;    height: 100px;    width: 25%;    padding-right: 20px;    box-sizing: border-box;    background-clip: content-box;}</style>

<div class="parentWrap">    <div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">        <div class="child" style="background-color: lightblue;">1</div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: lightgreen;">2</div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">3</div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: pink;">4</div>                    </div>    </div>

【2】float + margin + calc

　　使用margin实现子元素之间的间距，使用calc()函数计算子元素的宽度

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.parentWrap{    overflow: hidden;}.parent{    overflow: hidden;    margin-right: -20px;}.child{    float: left;    height: 100px;    width: calc(25% - 20px);    margin-right: 20px;}</style>

<div class="parentWrap">    <div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">        <div class="child" style="background-color: lightblue;">1</div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: lightgreen;">2</div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">3</div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: pink;">4</div>                    </div>    </div>

【3】float + margin + (fix)

　　使用margin实现子元素之间的间距，通过增加结构来实现兼容

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.parentWrap{    overflow: hidden;}.parent{    overflow: hidden;    margin-right: -20px;}.child{    float: left;    width: 25%;}.in{    margin-right: 20px;    height: 100px;}</style>

<div class="parentWrap">    <div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">        <div class="child" style="background-color: blue;">            <div class="in" style="background-color: lightblue;">1</div>        </div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: green;">            <div class="in" style="background-color: lightgreen;">2</div>        </div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: orange;">            <div class="in" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">3</div>        </div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: red;">            <div class="in" style="background-color: pink;">4</div>        </div>                    </div>    </div>

 

思路二: inline-block

　　缺点：需要设置垂直对齐方式vertical-align，则需要处理换行符解析成空格的间隙问题。IE7-浏览器不支持给块级元素设置inline-block属性，兼容代码是display:inline;zoom:1;

【1】inline-block + padding + background-clip

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.parentWrap{    overflow: hidden;}.parent{    font-size: 0;    margin-right: -20px;    overflow: hidden;}.child{    display:inline-block;    vertical-align: top;    width: 25%;    padding-right: 20px;    box-sizing: border-box;    background-clip: content-box;    font-size: 16px;}</style>

<div class="parentWrap">    <div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">        <div class="child" style="background-color: lightblue;">1</div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: lightgreen;">2</div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">3</div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: pink;">4</div>                    </div>    </div>

【2】inline-block + margin + calc

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.parentWrap{    overflow: hidden;}.parent{    margin-right: -20px;    font-size: 0;}.child{    display: inline-block;    vertical-align: top;    font-size: 16px;    height: 100px;    width: calc(25% - 20px);    margin-right: 20px;}</style>

<div class="parentWrap">    <div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">        <div class="child" style="background-color: lightblue;">1</div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: lightgreen;">2</div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">3</div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: pink;">4</div>                    </div>    </div>

【3】inline-block + margin + (fix)

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.parentWrap{    overflow: hidden;}.parent{    margin-right: -20px;    font-size: 0;}.child{    display: inline-block;    vertical-align: top;    font-size: 16px;    width: 25%;}.in{    margin-right: 20px;    height: 100px;}</style>

<div class="parentWrap">    <div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">        <div class="child" style="background-color: blue;">            <div class="in" style="background-color: lightblue;">1</div>        </div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: green;">            <div class="in" style="background-color: lightgreen;">2</div>        </div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: orange;">            <div class="in" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">3</div>        </div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: red;">            <div class="in" style="background-color: pink;">4</div>        </div>                    </div>    </div>

 

思路三: table

　　缺点：元素被设置为table后，内容撑开宽度。若要兼容IE7-浏览器，需要改为

结构。table-cell元素无法设置margin，设置padding及background-clip也不可行

【1】table + margin负值

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.parentWrap{    overflow: hidden;}.parent{    display: table;    width: calc(100% + 20px);    table-layout: fixed;}.child{    display: table-cell;    padding-right: 20px;}.in{    height: 100px;}</style>

<div class="parentWrap">    <div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">        <div class="child" style="background-color: blue;">            <div class="in" style="background-color: lightblue;">1</div>        </div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: green;">            <div class="in" style="background-color: lightgreen;">2</div>        </div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: orange;">            <div class="in" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">3</div>        </div>        <div class="child" style="background-color: red;">            <div class="in" style="background-color: pink;">4</div>        </div>                    </div>    </div>

【2】table + 兄弟选择器

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.parent{    display: table;    width: 100%;    table-layout: fixed;}.child{    display: table-cell;}.child + .child{    padding-left: 20px;}.in{    height: 100px;}</style>

<div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">    <div class="child" style="background-color: blue;">        <div class="in" style="background-color: lightblue;">1</div>    </div>    <div class="child" style="background-color: green;">        <div class="in" style="background-color: lightgreen;">2</div>    </div>    <div class="child" style="background-color: orange;">        <div class="in" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">3</div>    </div>    <div class="child" style="background-color: red;">        <div class="in" style="background-color: pink;">4</div>    </div>                </div>    

 

思路四: flex

<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.parent{    display: flex;}.child{    flex:1;    height: 100px;}.child + .child{    margin-left: 20px;}</style>

<div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">    <div class="child" style="background-color: lightblue;">1</div>    <div class="child" style="background-color: lightgreen;">2</div>    <div class="child" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">3</div>    <div class="child" style="background-color: pink;">4</div>                </div>