在服务器编程当中,为了实现异步,经常性的需要回调函数,例如以下这段代码
function send($value) { $data = process($value); onReceive($data);}function onReceive($recv_value) { var_dump($recv_value);}function process($value) { return $value+1;}$send_value = 1;send($send_value);
但是这样的代码就会看上去比较支离破碎,尤其是在process当中再次进行远程过程调用的时候,会变得更加难以开发和维护。协程就是为了解决这样的问题,使得异步的代码看起来同步化。
下面就是使用php的yield完成代码调度的示例(如果想看懂这段代码,需要首先了解一下php 5.5的新特性generator和yield)
框架代码如下:
class CCoroutine { /** * * @var Generator */ public $coroutine; /** * * @var miexed null or CCoroutine */ public $father; public function __construct($coroutine, $father = null) { $this->coroutine = $coroutine; $this->father = $father; }}class AsyncTask { public $data; public function __construct($data) { $this->data = $data; }}abstract class CoroutineScheduler { protected $coroutine = NULL; abstract function send_and_receive($value); public function run($data) { $co = $this->send_and_receive($data); $ccoroutine = new CCoroutine($co); $this->schedule($ccoroutine); } protected function schedule($ccoroutine) { $task = $ccoroutine->coroutine->current(); //如果当前值为空,表示这个$ccoroutine应该已经结束了 if (is_null($task)) { if (is_null($ccoroutine->father)) { //已经彻底调度结束了--一般是onRecieve方法运行到最后一步了 return; } else { //注意,如果运行到这个分支,则表示子生成器没有给父生成器传数据 //子生成器可能是通过引用传递来改变父生成器的变量值 //所以这个时候只要调度父生成器就可以了 $ccoroutine->father->coroutine->next(); $father = $ccoroutine->father; $this->schedule($father); unset($ccoroutine); } } else { if (is_object($task) && $task instanceof AsyncTask) { //当task是异步数据请求的时候,开始处理socket并且将进程熄火在这里 $this->dealTask($task, $ccoroutine); } elseif (is_object($task) && $task instanceof \Generator) { //当task是生成器时,表示当前生成器又有了子生成器的调用 $newcc = new CCoroutine($task, $ccoroutine); $this->schedule($newcc); } elseif ($ccoroutine->father != null) { //注意,如果运行到这个分支,则表示在子的生成器里调用了yield $str;这样的写法 //我们规定这种写法是在给父生成器传数据,所以当前生成器就会终止调用了转而去调度父生成器 $ccoroutine->father->coroutine->send($task); $father = $ccoroutine->father; $this->schedule($father); unset($ccoroutine); } } } protected function dealTask($task, $ccoroutine) { $this->coroutine = $ccoroutine; $this->send($task->data); } public function send($value) { $data = $this->process($value); $this->onReceive($data); } public function process($value) { return $value+1; } protected function onReceive($data) { $this->coroutine->coroutine->send($data); $this->schedule($this->coroutine); }}
调用方代码如下:
//1. 需要去实现CoroutineScheduler的send_and_receive函数,主要是为了在里面拿到返回值class Solution extends CoroutineScheduler { public function send_and_receive($data) { $result = (yield new AsyncTask($data)); var_dump($result); }}//2. 在最外层去调用框架的代码,给出输入参数 $data$s = new Solution();$data = 1;$s->run($data);