[語言] Tracer：開放遙測、Golang 和 Jagger 簡單實現

示踪劑

Tracer 是可觀察性的一部分，它在微服務架構的實現中發揮著重要作用，並提供應用程式邏輯中運行的進程的「追蹤」概述。

簡單來說，在Webservice中，Tracer會透過發出Trace訊號來提供一個邏輯的執行時間有多長的想法。稍後，透過 Exporter 向 Collector 傳輸訊號後，該 Tracer 將以嵌套跨度的形式可視化並可見。 [OpenTelemetry：痕跡]

開放式遙測

為了能夠傳輸隨後由收集器收集的 Traces 訊號，Webservice 需要 OpenTelemetry 作為一個庫，該庫已成為標準的可觀測性協議，通常稱為 OpenTelemetry 協議 (OTLP)。 [OpenTelemetry：語言 - Go]

耶格

追蹤訊號的視覺化確實需要提供 Web 服務中發生的進程的概述。 Jaeger 是一個開源平台，利用 HTTP 或 gRPC 通訊協定支援 OTLP。 [耶格爾]

在 Go 語言中的實現

Golang程式語言中Tracer的實作將實現一個簡單的情況，即Web服務僅傳回具有不同回應持續時間的資料。將使用的函式庫是：

• Chi：HTTP 框架
• OpenTelemetry：遙測訊號

將 OpenTelemetry 設定為遙測模組

在 pkg/telemetry/telemetry.go 目錄中實作 Telemetry 模組：

package telemetry

import (
    "context"
    "errors"
    "time"

    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace"
    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc"
    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp"
    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
)

// enumeration constant for which protocol used
const (
    HTTP uint8 = iota
    GRPC
)

// setup client to connect web-service with Jaeger
func SetupTraceClient(ctx context.Context, protocol uint8, endpoint string) otlptrace.Client {
    switch protocol {
    case GRPC:
        return otlptracegrpc.NewClient(otlptracegrpc.WithEndpoint(endpoint), otlptracegrpc.WithInsecure(), otlptracegrpc.WithCompressor("gzip"))
    default:
        return otlptracehttp.NewClient(otlptracehttp.WithEndpoint(endpoint), otlptracehttp.WithInsecure(), otlptracehttp.WithCompression(otlptracehttp.NoCompression))
    }
}

func setupTraceProvider(ctx context.Context, traceClient otlptrace.Client) (*trace.TracerProvider, error) {
    // set resource
    res, err := resource.New(
        ctx,
        resource.WithFromEnv(),
    )
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    // init trace exporter
    traceExporter, err := otlptrace.New(ctx, traceClient)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    // init trace exporter
    traceProvider := trace.NewTracerProvider(
        trace.WithBatcher(
            traceExporter,
            trace.WithBatchTimeout(time.Duration(time.Second*3)),
        ),
        trace.WithResource(res), // Discover and provide attributes from OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES and OTEL_SERVICE_NAME environment variables.
    )

    return traceProvider, nil
}

func SetupTelemetrySDK(ctx context.Context, traceClient otlptrace.Client) (func(context.Context) error, error) {
    var err error
    var shutdownFuncs []func(context.Context) error

    shutdown := func(ctx context.Context) error {
        var err error
        for _, fn := range shutdownFuncs {
            err = errors.Join(err, fn(ctx))
        }
        shutdownFuncs = nil
        return err
    }

    handleErr := func(inErr error) {
        err = errors.Join(inErr, shutdown(ctx))
    }

    traceProvider, err := setupTraceProvider(ctx, traceClient)
    if err != nil {
        handleErr(err)
        return shutdown, err
    }

    shutdownFuncs = append(shutdownFuncs, traceProvider.Shutdown)
    otel.SetTracerProvider(traceProvider)

    return shutdown, nil
}

然後，在主函數main.go中設定遙測配置：

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "os"
    "os/signal"
    "syscall"
    "time"

    "github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
    "github.com/wahyurudiyan/medium/otel-jaeger/config"
    "github.com/wahyurudiyan/medium/otel-jaeger/pkg/telemetry"
    "github.com/wahyurudiyan/medium/otel-jaeger/router"
)

func SetupTelemetry(ctx context.Context, config *config.Config) (func(context.Context) error, error) {
    otlpCli := telemetry.SetupTraceClient(ctx, telemetry.GRPC, config.JaegerGRPCEndpoint)
    shutdownFn, err := telemetry.SetupTelemetrySDK(ctx, otlpCli)
    return shutdownFn, err
}

func main() {
    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
    defer cancel()

    cfg := config.Get()

    shutdownFn, err := SetupTelemetry(ctx, cfg)
    if err != nil {
        shutdownFn(ctx)
        panic(err)
    }

    r := chi.NewRouter()
    r.Route("/api", func(r chi.Router) {
        router.Router(r)
    })

    srv := http.Server{
        Addr:    "0.0.0.0:8080",
        Handler: r,
    }
    go func() {
        fmt.Println("Server running at port:", srv.Addr)
        if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
            fmt.Printf("listen: %s\n", err)
        }
    }()

    quit := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
    signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
    



<p>在router/router.go檔案的handler中使用Tracer來傳送Traces訊號：<br>
</p>

<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">package router

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "net/http"
    "time"

    "github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
    "github.com/wahyurudiyan/medium/otel-jaeger/pkg/random"
    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
)

var (
    tracer = otel.Tracer("WebServer-Otel-Jaeger")
)

func getUserHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    _, span := tracer.Start(r.Context(), "GetUser")
    defer span.End()

    user := struct {
        Name     string
        Email    string
        Password string
    }{
        Name:     "John Doe",
        Email:    "john@email.com",
        Password: "Super5ecr3t!",
    }
    blob, _ := json.Marshal(&user)

    sleepDuration := time.Duration(time.Millisecond * time.Duration(random.GenerateRandNum()))
    time.Sleep(sleepDuration)

    w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "application/json")
    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
    w.Write(blob)
}

func Router(router chi.Router) {
    router.Get("/user", getUserHandler)
}

部署

此建置 Web 服務的 Docker 配置，利用 Dockerfile 中的多階段建置映像機制：

FROM golang:1.23.4 AS build
WORKDIR /src
COPY . .
RUN go get -v
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o /bin/service .

FROM alpine:latest
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /bin/service /bin/service
CMD ["/bin/service"]

接下來，將透過 docker-compose.yaml 檔案進行鏡像構建，配置如下：

services:
  web-service:
    container_name: service
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    environment:
      OTEL_SERVICE_NAME: service-otel-jaeger
      JAEGER_GRPC_ENDPOINT: jaeger:4317
    entrypoint: ["service"]
    ports:
      - 8080:8080

  jaeger:
    container_name: jaeger
    image: jaegertracing/all-in-one:latest
    environment:
      COLLECTOR_ZIPKIN_HOST_PORT: :9411
    ports:
      - 16686:16686 
      - 4317:4317 
      - 4318:4318 
      - 9411:9411

在service.jaeger.ports中，暴露的連接埠是：

• 16686：Jaeger 儀表板
• 4317：採用 gRPC 協定的 Jaeger OTLP Protobuf
• 4318：採用 HTTP 協定的 Jaeger OTLP Protobuf/JSON
• 9411：Zipkin 收藏家

運行docker-compose.yaml中已經定義的應用程序，可以使用命令：

docker compose up --build

應用程式運行後，您可以嘗試在端點 http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/user 上點擊應用程序，如果 Webservice 和應用程式已連接，則服務名稱將出現如圖所示。

將出現一個跨度來定義運行一個流程需要多長時間。

負載測試

現在讓我們嘗試使用 CLI 工具 hey [https://github.com/rakyll/hey] 來執行負載測試。以下命令可用於執行簡單的負載測試：

package telemetry

import (
    "context"
    "errors"
    "time"

    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace"
    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc"
    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp"
    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
)

// enumeration constant for which protocol used
const (
    HTTP uint8 = iota
    GRPC
)

// setup client to connect web-service with Jaeger
func SetupTraceClient(ctx context.Context, protocol uint8, endpoint string) otlptrace.Client {
    switch protocol {
    case GRPC:
        return otlptracegrpc.NewClient(otlptracegrpc.WithEndpoint(endpoint), otlptracegrpc.WithInsecure(), otlptracegrpc.WithCompressor("gzip"))
    default:
        return otlptracehttp.NewClient(otlptracehttp.WithEndpoint(endpoint), otlptracehttp.WithInsecure(), otlptracehttp.WithCompression(otlptracehttp.NoCompression))
    }
}

func setupTraceProvider(ctx context.Context, traceClient otlptrace.Client) (*trace.TracerProvider, error) {
    // set resource
    res, err := resource.New(
        ctx,
        resource.WithFromEnv(),
    )
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    // init trace exporter
    traceExporter, err := otlptrace.New(ctx, traceClient)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    // init trace exporter
    traceProvider := trace.NewTracerProvider(
        trace.WithBatcher(
            traceExporter,
            trace.WithBatchTimeout(time.Duration(time.Second*3)),
        ),
        trace.WithResource(res), // Discover and provide attributes from OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES and OTEL_SERVICE_NAME environment variables.
    )

    return traceProvider, nil
}

func SetupTelemetrySDK(ctx context.Context, traceClient otlptrace.Client) (func(context.Context) error, error) {
    var err error
    var shutdownFuncs []func(context.Context) error

    shutdown := func(ctx context.Context) error {
        var err error
        for _, fn := range shutdownFuncs {
            err = errors.Join(err, fn(ctx))
        }
        shutdownFuncs = nil
        return err
    }

    handleErr := func(inErr error) {
        err = errors.Join(inErr, shutdown(ctx))
    }

    traceProvider, err := setupTraceProvider(ctx, traceClient)
    if err != nil {
        handleErr(err)
        return shutdown, err
    }

    shutdownFuncs = append(shutdownFuncs, traceProvider.Shutdown)
    otel.SetTracerProvider(traceProvider)

    return shutdown, nil
}

該指令將執行每秒 100 個請求 (RPS) 的負載測試，持續 10 分鐘。 Jaeger UI 頁面上顯示的結果如下所示。

如果負載測試運行完成，將會有負載測試結果的報告。

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "os"
    "os/signal"
    "syscall"
    "time"

    "github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
    "github.com/wahyurudiyan/medium/otel-jaeger/config"
    "github.com/wahyurudiyan/medium/otel-jaeger/pkg/telemetry"
    "github.com/wahyurudiyan/medium/otel-jaeger/router"
)

func SetupTelemetry(ctx context.Context, config *config.Config) (func(context.Context) error, error) {
    otlpCli := telemetry.SetupTraceClient(ctx, telemetry.GRPC, config.JaegerGRPCEndpoint)
    shutdownFn, err := telemetry.SetupTelemetrySDK(ctx, otlpCli)
    return shutdownFn, err
}

func main() {
    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
    defer cancel()

    cfg := config.Get()

    shutdownFn, err := SetupTelemetry(ctx, cfg)
    if err != nil {
        shutdownFn(ctx)
        panic(err)
    }

    r := chi.NewRouter()
    r.Route("/api", func(r chi.Router) {
        router.Router(r)
    })

    srv := http.Server{
        Addr:    "0.0.0.0:8080",
        Handler: r,
    }
    go func() {
        fmt.Println("Server running at port:", srv.Addr)
        if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
            fmt.Printf("listen: %s\n", err)
        }
    }()

    quit := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
    signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
    



<h2>
  
  
  Github專案
</h2>

<p>對於想要嘗試或查看完整程式碼的人，您可以複製以下儲存庫：https://github.com/wahyurudiyan/otel-jaeger。 </p>


          

            
        

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