如何在 Python 中重寫裝飾器參數

要修改從父類別繼承的子類別方法中的裝飾器參數，您必須明確重寫該方法本身。 簡單地定義具有匹配名稱的新類別變數不會改變裝飾器的行為。裝飾器參數是在裝飾方法時綁定的，而不是在實例化類別時綁定的。

說明性範例

以下 Python 程式碼 (test.py) 示範了這一點：

def my_decorator_with_args(param1, param2):
    """Decorator accepting arguments"""
    def actual_decorator(func):
        def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
            print(f"[Decorator] param1={param1}, param2={param2}")
            return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper
    return actual_decorator


class BaseClass:
    @my_decorator_with_args(param1="BASE_PARAM1", param2="BASE_PARAM2")
    def greet(self):
        print("Hello from BaseClass!")


class DerivedClass(BaseClass):
    """
    Attempting to override decorator arguments via class variables;
    however, since `greet()` isn't redefined, the parent's decorator remains active.
    """
    param1 = "DERIVED_PARAM1"
    param2 = "DERIVED_PARAM2"


class DerivedClassOverride(BaseClass):
    """
    Correctly overrides `greet()` to utilize modified decorator arguments.
    """
    @my_decorator_with_args(param1="OVERRIDE_PARAM1", param2="OVERRIDE_PARAM2")
    def greet(self):
        print("Hello from DerivedClassOverride!")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("=== BaseClass's greet ===")
    b = BaseClass()
    b.greet()

    print("\n=== DerivedClass's greet (no override) ===")
    d = DerivedClass()
    d.greet()

    print("\n=== DerivedClassOverride's greet (with override) ===")
    d_o = DerivedClassOverride()
    d_o.greet()

執行python test.py會產生：

<code>=== BaseClass's greet ===
[Decorator] param1=BASE_PARAM1, param2=BASE_PARAM2
Hello from BaseClass!

=== DerivedClass's greet (no override) ===
[Decorator] param1=BASE_PARAM1, param2=BASE_PARAM2
Hello from BaseClass!

=== DerivedClassOverride's greet (with override) ===
[Decorator] param1=OVERRIDE_PARAM1, param2=OVERRIDE_PARAM2
Hello from DerivedClassOverride!</code>

這清楚地表明，只有在子類別中重新定義方法（greet）才能成功覆蓋裝飾器的參數。

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