如何在C#中使用P/Invoke建立和管理作業物件以確保進程終止？

使用P/Invoke 實作CreateJobObject 和SetInformationJobObject 的範例

此範例示範如何建立作業物件(CreateJob資訊(SetInformationJobObject)，以確保在作業執行時與作業關聯的程序終止

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace JobObjectPInvoke
{
    class Program
    {
        const int JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE = 0x2000;

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        static extern IntPtr CreateJobObject(IntPtr a, string lpName);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
        static extern bool SetInformationJobObject(IntPtr hJob, JobObjectInfoType infoType, IntPtr lpJobObjectInfo, UInt32 cbJobObjectInfoLength);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);

        static void Main()
        {
            // Get a handle to the current process.
            IntPtr currentProcessHandle = Process.GetCurrentProcess().Handle;

            // Create a job object.
            IntPtr jobObjectHandle = CreateJobObject(IntPtr.Zero, null);
            if (jobObjectHandle == IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                throw new Exception($"Failed to create job object: {Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()}");
            }

            // Set the limit information for the job object.
            JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION jobLimitInfo = new JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
            {
                LimitFlags = JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE
            };

            int sizeOfJobLimitInfo = Marshal.SizeOf(jobLimitInfo);
            IntPtr ptrJobLimitInfo = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(sizeOfJobLimitInfo);
            Marshal.StructureToPtr(jobLimitInfo, ptrJobLimitInfo, false);

            if (!SetInformationJobObject(jobObjectHandle, JobObjectInfoType.BasicLimitInformation, ptrJobLimitInfo, (uint)sizeOfJobLimitInfo))
            {
                throw new Exception($"Failed to set job limit information: {Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()}");
            }

            // Add the current process to the job object.
            if (!AssignProcessToJobObject(jobObjectHandle, currentProcessHandle))
            {
                throw new Exception($"Failed to add process to job object: {Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()}");
            }

            // Sleep for 10 seconds.
            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(10000);

            // Close the job object.
            CloseHandle(jobObjectHandle);

            // The current process will terminate when the job object is closed. You can use this example to create a sandbox environment for your processes.
        }

        #region Helper Classes

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        struct JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
        {
            public Int64 PerProcessUserTimeLimit;
            public Int64 PerJobUserTimeLimit;
            public UInt32 LimitFlags;
            public UIntPtr MinimumWorkingSetSize;
            public UIntPtr MaximumWorkingSetSize;
            public UInt32 ActiveProcessLimit;
            public UIntPtr Affinity;
            public UInt32 PriorityClass;
            public UInt32 SchedulingClass;
        }

        public enum JobObjectInfoType
        {
            AssociateCompletionPortInformation = 7,
            BasicLimitInformation = 2,
            BasicUIRestrictions = 4,
            EndOfJobTimeInformation = 6,
            ExtendedLimitInformation = 9,
            SecurityLimitInformation = 5
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

這個擴充範例說明了建立作業物件、設定其基本限制資訊以及向作業物件新增流程的完整實作。 JOBOBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE 標誌確保當作業物件關閉時，與作業關聯的任何進程都會被終止，從而確保進程使用的所有資源都被正確清理。

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