如何使用 AngularJS 從 ASP.NET Web API 高效下載檔案？

使用AngularJS 從ASP.NET Web API 下載檔案

在AngularJS 應用程式中，您可以觸發對ASP.NET Web API 方法的HTTP GET 請求來擷取文件。然而，處理下載的檔案需要進一步的步驟來促進實際的下載過程。

使用簡單的下載方法

觸發基本下載涉及利用 window.open 函數：

$scope.downloadFile = function(downloadPath) { 
    window.open(downloadPath, '_blank', '');  
}

此方法啟動直接下載，而不使用 AJAX。

實作AJAX 二進位下載方法

要取得支援多個瀏覽器的更有效率方法，請考慮使用以下實作：

$scope.downloadFile = function(httpPath) {
    // Use an arraybuffer
    $http.get(httpPath, { responseType: 'arraybuffer' })
    .success( function(data, status, headers) {

        var octetStreamMime = 'application/octet-stream';
        var success = false;

        // Get the headers
        headers = headers();

        // Get the filename from the x-filename header or default to "download.bin"
        var filename = headers['x-filename'] || 'download.bin';

        // Determine the content type from the header or default to "application/octet-stream"
        var contentType = headers['content-type'] || octetStreamMime;

        try
        {
            // Try using msSaveBlob if supported
            console.log("Trying saveBlob method ...");
            var blob = new Blob([data], { type: contentType });
            if(navigator.msSaveBlob)
                navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, filename);
            else {
                // Try using other saveBlob implementations, if available
                var saveBlob = navigator.webkitSaveBlob || navigator.mozSaveBlob || navigator.saveBlob;
                if(saveBlob === undefined) throw "Not supported";
                saveBlob(blob, filename);
            }
            console.log("saveBlob succeeded");
            success = true;
        } catch(ex)
        {
            console.log("saveBlob method failed with the following exception:");
            console.log(ex);
        }

        if(!success)
        {
            // Get the blob url creator
            var urlCreator = window.URL || window.webkitURL || window.mozURL || window.msURL;
            if(urlCreator)
            {
                // Try to use a download link
                var link = document.createElement('a');
                if('download' in link)
                {
                    // Try to simulate a click
                    try
                    {
                        // Prepare a blob URL
                        console.log("Trying download link method with simulated click ...");
                        var blob = new Blob([data], { type: contentType });
                        var url = urlCreator.createObjectURL(blob);
                        link.setAttribute('href', url);

                        // Set the download attribute (Supported in Chrome 14+ / Firefox 20+)
                        link.setAttribute("download", filename);

                        // Simulate clicking the download link
                        var event = document.createEvent('MouseEvents');
                        event.initMouseEvent('click', true, true, window, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false, false, false, 0, null);
                        link.dispatchEvent(event);
                        console.log("Download link method with simulated click succeeded");
                        success = true;

                    } catch(ex) {
                        console.log("Download link method with simulated click failed with the following exception:");
                        console.log(ex);
                    }
                }

                if(!success)
                {
                    // Fallback to window.location method
                    try
                    {
                        // Prepare a blob URL
                        // Use application/octet-stream when using window.location to force download
                        console.log("Trying download link method with window.location ...");
                        var blob = new Blob([data], { type: octetStreamMime });
                        var url = urlCreator.createObjectURL(blob);
                        window.location = url;
                        console.log("Download link method with window.location succeeded");
                        success = true;
                    } catch(ex) {
                        console.log("Download link method with window.location failed with the following exception:");
                        console.log(ex);
                    }
                }

            }
        }

        if(!success)
        {
            // Fallback to window.open method
            console.log("No methods worked for saving the arraybuffer, using last resort window.open");
            window.open(httpPath, '_blank', '');
        }
    })
    .error(function(data, status) {
        console.log("Request failed with status: " + status);

        // Optionally write the error out to scope
        $scope.errorDetails = "Request failed with status: " + status;
    });
};

使用與註解

要使用改良的方法：

var downloadPath = "/files/instructions.pdf";
$scope.downloadFile(downloadPath);

注意：請記住在您的Web API 中包含適當的標頭method:

• x-filename 為檔案名稱
• x-filename 為檔案名稱

content-type 為MIME 類型

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