如何使用 Java 中的迭代方法有效地產生數組的所有排列？

排列演算法

要產生陣列的所有排列，請考慮從目前陣列開始按升序排列的迭代方法。目標是透過交換打破降序模式的元素，逐漸將其轉換為降序。

偽代碼演算法

`
for (int tail = ind.長度 - 1; 尾部--) {

if (ind[tail - 1] = ind[s])
        s--;

    swap(ind, tail - 1, s);

    // reverse order of elements in the tail
    for (int i = tail, j = ind.length - 1; i <p>}<br>`</p><p><strong>實作</strong></p><p>這是 Java實現的範例，它處理不同的和重複的元素：</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;

class Permutations<e> implements Iterator<e> {

    private E[] arr;
    private int[] ind;
    private boolean has_next;

    public E[] output; // next() returns this array

    Permutations(E[] arr) {
        this.arr = arr.clone();
        ind = new int[arr.length];

        // convert an array of any elements into an array of integers
        Map<e integer> hm = new HashMap();
        for (int i = 0; i  0; tail--) {
            if (ind[tail - 1] = ind[s]) {
                    s--;
                }

                swap(ind, tail - 1, s);

                // reverse order of elements in the tail
                for (int i = tail, j = ind.length - 1; i <p><strong>範例</strong></p>
<p>對於陣列[3, 4, 6, 2, 1]，排列如下：</p>
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">[3, 2, 1, 4, 6]
[3, 2, 1, 6, 4]
[3, 2, 4, 1, 6]
[3, 2, 4, 6, 1]
[3, 2, 6, 1, 4]
[3, 2, 6, 4, 1]
[3, 4, 1, 2, 6]
[3, 4, 1, 6, 2]
[3, 4, 2, 1, 6]
[3, 4, 2, 6, 1]
[3, 4, 6, 1, 2]
[3, 4, 6, 2, 1]
[3, 6, 1, 2, 4]
[3, 6, 1, 4, 2]
[3, 6, 2, 1, 4]
[3, 6, 2, 4, 1]
[3, 6, 4, 1, 2]
[3, 6, 4, 2, 1]
[4, 2, 1, 3, 6]
[4, 2, 1, 6, 3]
[4, 2, 3, 1, 6]
[4, 2, 3, 6, 1]
[4, 2, 6, 1, 3]
[4, 2, 6, 3, 1]
[4, 3, 1, 2, 6]
[4, 3, 1, 6, 2]
[4, 3, 2, 1, 6]
[4, 3, 2, 6, 1]
[4, 3, 6, 1, 2]
[4, 3, 6, 2, 1]
[4, 6, 1, 2, 3]
[4, 6, 1, 3, 2]
[4, 6, 2, 1, 3]
[4, 6, 2, 3, 1]
[4, 6, 3, 1, 2]
[4, 6, 3, 2, 1]
[6, 2, 1, 3, 4]
[6, 2, 1, 4, 3]
[6, 2, 3, 1, 4]
[6, 2, 3, 4, 1]
[6, 2, 4, 1, 3]
[6, 2, 4, 3, 1]
[6, 3, 1, 2, 4]
[6, 3, 1, 4, 2]
[6, 3, 2, 1, 4]
[6, 3, 2, 4, 1]
[6, 3, 4, 1, 2]
[6, 3, 4, 2, 1]
[6, 4, 1, 2, 3]
[6, 4, 1, 3, 2]
[6, 4, 2, 1, 3]
[6, 4, 2, 3, 1]
[6, 4, 3, 1, 2]
[6, 4, 3, 2, 1]

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