何時在 STL 中選擇向量與列表
根據有效的 STL,向量容器應該是序列的預設選擇。但是,此建議需要進一步澄清。
向量與列表:主要差異
要了解向量和列表之間的區別,請考慮下表:
Feature | Vector | List |
---|---|---|
Memory allocation | Contiguous | Non-contiguous |
Storage overhead | Pre-allocates space | Constant memory overhead |
Element space | No extra pointers | Extra space for node (pointers to next/previous) |
Memory reallocation | Can reallocate memory for entire vector | Never reallocates memory for entire list |
Insertion efficiency | O(1) at end, O(n) elsewhere | O(1) anywhere |
Erasure efficiency | O(1) at end, O(n) elsewhere | O(1) always |
Random access | Supported | Not supported |
Iterator validity | Invalidated after additions/removals | Remains valid after additions/removals |
Array access | Underlying array easily obtained | No underlying array available |
清單何時可能首選
雖然向量通常更有效,但在特定場景中列表可能是更好的選擇:
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