如何在 FastAPI POST 請求中同時處理文件上傳和 JSON 資料？

如何在 FastAPI POST 請求中新增檔案和 JSON 正文？

方法1：使用檔案和表單

from fastapi import FastAPI, UploadFile, File, Form

app = FastAPI()

@app.post("/data")
async def data(dataConfiguration: DataConfiguration,
               csvFile: UploadFile = File(...)):
    pass

方法2 ：使用Pydantic模型和依賴

from fastapi import Form, File, UploadFile, FastAPI, Depends
from typing import List, Optional
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
from pydantic import BaseModel
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates

app = FastAPI()
templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")

class Base(BaseModel):
    name: str
    point: Optional[float] = None
    is_accepted: Optional[bool] = False

def checker(data: str = Form(...)):
    try:
        return Base.model_validate_json(data)
    except ValidationError as e:
        raise HTTPException(
            detail=jsonable_encoder(e.errors()),
            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
        )

@app.post("/submit")
def submit(base: Base = Depends(checker), files: List[UploadFile] = File(...)):
    return {"JSON Payload": base, "Filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}

方法3：使用表單資料作為單一JSON 字串

from fastapi import FastAPI, status, Form, UploadFile, File, Depends, Request
from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from typing import Optional, List
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse

app = FastAPI()
templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")

class Base(BaseModel):
    name: str
    point: Optional[float] = None
    is_accepted: Optional[bool] = False

def checker(data: str = Form(...)):
    try:
        return Base.model_validate_json(data)
    except ValidationError as e:
        raise HTTPException(
            detail=jsonable_encoder(e.errors()),
            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
        )

@app.post("/submit")
def submit(base: Base = Depends(checker), files: List[UploadFile] = File(...)):
    return {"JSON Payload": base, "Filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}

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