GraphQL 與 REST 是 API 開發的兩個重要範例,每個範例都有獨特的特徵。雖然 REST(表述性狀態傳輸)多年來一直是標準,但 Facebook 於 2015 年推出的 GraphQL 因其靈活性和效率而受到關注。以下是詳細的比較,以幫助您了解它們的差異以及何時選擇它們。
什麼是休息?
REST 是一種用於設計網頁應用程式的架構風格。它依賴無狀態通信,通常使用 HTTP 方法(GET、POST、PUT、DELETE)對資源執行操作。
主要特點:
什麼是 GraphQL?
GraphQL 是一種 API 查詢語言和執行時間,允許客戶端僅請求他們需要的資料。
主要特點:
比較表:GraphQL 與 REST
Feature | GraphQL | REST |
---|---|---|
Data Fetching | Fetches only the requested fields, reducing over-fetching and under-fetching. | Can over-fetch (extra data) or under-fetch (insufficient data) due to fixed endpoints. |
Endpoint Design | Single endpoint for all queries and mutations. | Multiple endpoints, each corresponding to a resource or action. |
Flexibility | High flexibility; clients define query structure. | Less flexible; endpoint and response structures are fixed by the server. |
Learning Curve | Steeper, as it requires understanding schema design and query language. | Easier to learn due to simpler HTTP methods and endpoint-based operations. |
Batching | Allows batching of multiple queries in one request. | Requires multiple requests for different resources or nested data. |
Versioning | No need for versioning; schema evolves using deprecation. | Requires managing versions (e.g., /v1/resource, /v2/resource). |
Performance | Can reduce requests but may increase query complexity on the server. | Simpler server implementation; performance depends on endpoint granularity. |
Caching | Requires custom caching strategies due to single endpoint. | Utilizes HTTP caching (e.g., ETag, Last-Modified). |
Real-Time Updates | Supports subscriptions for real-time data. | REST alone lacks built-in support; often relies on WebSockets or other implementations. |
GraphQL 的優點和缺點
優點:
缺點:
休息的優點和缺點
優點:
缺點:
何時使用 GraphQL?
何時使用休息?
結論
在 GraphQL 和 REST 之間進行選擇取決於您的專案需求。 REST 仍然是簡單且基於資源的 API 的可靠選擇,而 GraphQL 在具有複雜資料需求的動態、用戶端驅動的環境中表現出色。兩種範式可以共存,許多項目都採用混合模型來充分利用每種範式的優勢。
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