如果您是 PHP 新手,並且想了解如何處理表單和使用會話數據,本指南適合您。我們將建立一個簡單的項目,使用者可以在其中提交表單、在會話中保存資料、查看資料以及稍後刪除資料。在本教程結束時,您將了解 PHP 表單處理、驗證、清理和會話的基礎知識。
表單處理是指捕獲透過 HTML 表單提交的資料並使用 PHP 等伺服器端語言進行處理的過程。這包括:
會話是為單一使用者跨多個頁面儲存資訊(變數)的一種方式。與 cookie 不同,會話資料儲存在伺服器上,使其更加安全。要在 PHP 中開始使用會話,我們使用 session_start() 函數。
我們的專案涉及以下功能:
這是我們專案的結構:
project-folder/ │ ├── index.php # Form page ├── submit.php # Form handling and session storage ├── view_session.php # Viewing session data ├── delete_session.php # Deleting session data
index.php 檔案包含一個簡單的 HTML 表單,使用者可以在其中輸入詳細資訊。程式碼如下:
<?php session_start(); ?> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>PHP Form with Session Handling</title> </head> <body> <h1>Submit Your Information</h1> <!-- Form Section for User Input --> <form method="get" action="submit.php"> <label for="name">Name:</label><br> <input type="text"> <hr> <h3> Step 2: Handling Form Submission (submit.php) </h3> <p>This file processes the submitted form data, validates it, and stores it in a session. Here's the code:<br> </p> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><?php session_start(); // Initialize error messages and data variables $error_name = ""; $error_age = ""; $error_email = ""; $error_website = ""; $name = $age = $email = $website = $gender = $comments = $hobbies = ""; // Sanitize and validate the form data if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "GET") { // Sanitize inputs $name = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['name'])); $age = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['age'])); $email = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['email'])); $website = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['website'])); $gender = isset($_GET['gender']) ? $_GET['gender'] : 'No gender selected.'; $hobbies = isset($_GET['hobbies']) ? $_GET['hobbies'] : ['No hobby selected.']; $comments = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['comments'])); // Validation checks if (empty($name)) { $error_name = "Name is required."; } if (empty($age) || !filter_var($age, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT) || $age <= 0) { $error_age = "Valid age is required."; } if (empty($email) || !filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) { $error_email = "Valid email is required."; } if (empty($website) || !filter_var($website, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL)) { $error_website = "Valid website URL is required."; } // If no errors, store data in session if (empty($error_name) && empty($error_age) && empty($error_email) && empty($error_website)) { // Store data in session $_SESSION['name'] = $name; $_SESSION['age'] = $age; $_SESSION['email'] = $email; $_SESSION['website'] = $website; $_SESSION['gender'] = $gender; $_SESSION['hobbies'] = implode(", ", $hobbies); $_SESSION['comments'] = $comments; } } ?> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Form Submission Result</title> </head> <body> <h1>Form Submission Result</h1> <!-- Show Errors if any --> <?php if ($error_name) { echo "<p> <hr> <h3> Step 3: Viewing Session Data (view_session.php) </h3> <p>This file displays session data stored on the server.<br> </p> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><?php session_start(); ?> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>View Session Data</title> </head> <body> <h1>View Stored Session Data</h1> <?php if (isset($_SESSION['name'])) { echo "<p><strong>Name:</strong> " . $_SESSION['name'] . "</p>"; echo "<p><strong>Age:</strong> " . $_SESSION['age'] . "</p>"; echo "<p><strong>Email:</strong> " . $_SESSION['email'] . "</p>"; echo "<p><strong>Website:</strong> <a href='" . $_SESSION['website'] . "' target='_blank'>" . $_SESSION['website'] . "</a></p>"; echo "<p><strong>Gender:</strong> " . $_SESSION['gender'] . "</p>"; echo "<p><strong>Hobbies:</strong> " . $_SESSION['hobbies'] . "</p>"; echo "<p><strong>Comments:</strong> " . $_SESSION['comments'] . "</p>"; } else { echo "<p>No session data found!</p>"; } ?> <br><br> <a href="index.php">Go Back</a> </body> </html>
此文件會破壞會話資料。
<?php session_start(); session_unset(); // Remove all session variables session_destroy(); // Destroy the session ?> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Session Deleted</title> </head> <body> <h1>Session Data Deleted</h1> <p>All session data has been deleted successfully.</p> <br><br> <a href="index.php">Go Back</a> </body> </html>
表格處理:
會議:
$_SESSION 陣列。
該專案演示了 PHP 表單處理和會話管理的基礎知識。利用這些概念,您可以建立更複雜的應用程序,安全有效地處理使用者輸入。試驗代碼,並嘗試透過添加資料庫整合或更高級的驗證等功能來擴展它。
編碼愉快! ?
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