陣列是 JavaScript 資料處理的支柱。本指南將改變您使用陣列的方式,向您展示如何編寫更快、更乾淨、更有效率的程式碼。
const numbers = Array.from({ length: 10000 }, (_, i) => i); // ?️ Fastest: Traditional For Loop console.time('For Loop'); for (let i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) { // Process numbers[i] } console.timeEnd('For Loop'); // ? Good Performance: forEach console.time('forEach'); numbers.forEach(num => { // Process number }); console.timeEnd('forEach'); // ? Slowest: for...of console.time('for...of'); for (const num of numbers) { // Process number } console.timeEnd('for...of'); // ?️ Special Case: for...in console.time('for...in'); for (const index in numbers) { // Process numbers[index] } console.timeEnd('for...in');
// Demonstrating for...in Behavior const problemArray = [1, 2, 3]; problemArray.customProperty = 'Danger!'; console.log('for...in Iteration:'); for (const index in problemArray) { console.log(problemArray[index]); // Logs: 1, 2, 3, and 'Danger!' } // Safe Object Iteration const user = { name: 'Alice', age: 30 }; console.log('Safe Object Iteration:'); for (const key in user) { if (user.hasOwnProperty(key)) { console.log(`${key}: ${user[key]}`); } }
// ❌ Slow and Verbose let doubledNumbers = []; for (let i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) { doubledNumbers.push(numbers[i] * 2); }
// ✅ Efficient and Readable const doubledNumbers = numbers.map(num => num * 2);
const products = [ { name: 'Laptop', price: 1200, inStock: true }, { name: 'Phone', price: 800, inStock: false }, { name: 'Tablet', price: 500, inStock: true } ]; // Multiple Filter Conditions const affordableAndAvailableProducts = products .filter(product => product.price < 1000) .filter(product => product.inStock);
// ? More Efficient Single-Pass Filtering const affordableProducts = products.filter(product => product.price < 1000 && product.inStock );
const transactions = [ { category: 'Food', amount: 50 }, { category: 'Transport', amount: 30 }, { category: 'Food', amount: 40 } ]; // Group and Calculate Spending const categorySummary = transactions.reduce((acc, transaction) => { // Initialize category if not exists acc[transaction.category] = (acc[transaction.category] || 0) + transaction.amount; return acc; }, {}); // Result: { Food: 90, Transport: 30 }
// ✅ Best Way to Clear an Array let myArray = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; myArray.length = 0; // Fastest method // ❌ Less Efficient Methods // myArray = []; // Creates new array // myArray.splice(0, myArray.length); // More overhead
// Create Shallow Copy const originalArray = [1, 2, 3]; const arrayCopy = [...originalArray]; // Combining Arrays const combinedArray = [...originalArray, ...anotherArray];
const users = [ { name: 'Alice', age: 25, active: true }, { name: 'Bob', age: 30, active: false }, { name: 'Charlie', age: 35, active: true } ]; const processedUsers = users .filter(user => user.active) .map(user => ({ ...user, seniorStatus: user.age >= 30 })) .sort((a, b) => b.age - a.age);
function measurePerformance(fn, label = 'Operation') { const start = performance.now(); fn(); const end = performance.now(); console.log(`${label} took ${end - start} milliseconds`); } // Usage measurePerformance(() => { // Your array operation here }, 'Array Transformation');
掌握陣列方法是關於:
僅使用映射、過濾器和歸約來實現資料處理管道,從而有效地轉換複雜的資料集!
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