線程如何改進兩人遊戲中的按鍵綁定處理？

具有鍵綁定的執行緒

在給定的上下文中，您可以使用單獨的執行緒來處理鍵綁定並更新遊戲狀態。這允許玩家使用不同的按鍵獨立控制他們的球拍，並確保兩個玩家可以同時移動他們的球拍。

以下範例示範如何使用執行緒的鍵綁定：

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

public class Main {
    private static final int WIDTH = 600;
    private static final int HEIGHT = 500;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create a new game instance
        Game game = new Game(WIDTH, HEIGHT);

        // Create a thread pool to handle key bindings
        ExecutorService keyBindingPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        // Create key bindings for the two players
        KeyBindings player1Bindings = new KeyBindings(game, "W", "S");
        KeyBindings player2Bindings = new KeyBindings(game, "UP", "DOWN");

        // Install the key bindings using SwingUtilities to ensure they work on the EDT
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
            game.getComponent().getInputMap().put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_W, 0, false), "player1Up");
            game.getComponent().getInputMap().put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_S, 0, false), "player1Down");
            game.getComponent().getInputMap().put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_UP, 0, false), "player2Up");
            game.getComponent().getInputMap().put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_DOWN, 0, false), "player2Down");
            game.getComponent().getActionMap().put("player1Up", new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { player1Bindings.up = true; }
            });
            game.getComponent().getActionMap().put("player1Down", new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { player1Bindings.down = true; }
            });
            game.getComponent().getActionMap().put("player2Up", new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { player2Bindings.up = true; }
            });
            game.getComponent().getActionMap().put("player2Down", new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { player2Bindings.down = true; }
            });
        });

        // Add the key bindings to the thread pool
        keyBindingPool.submit(player1Bindings);
        keyBindingPool.submit(player2Bindings);

        // Start the game loop
        game.start();
    }

    private static class Game {
        private final int width;
        private final int height;
        private final Paddle paddle1;
        private final Paddle paddle2;
        private final Thread gameLoopThread;
        private final AtomicBoolean running;

        public Game(int width, int height) {
            this.width = width;
            this.height = height;
            this.paddle1 = new Paddle(0, 100, 10, 100);
            this.paddle2 = new Paddle(width - 10, 200, 10, 100);
            this.running = new AtomicBoolean(false);
            this.gameLoopThread = new Thread(this::gameLoop);
        }

        public void start() {
            running.set(true);
            gameLoopThread.start();
        }

        private void gameLoop() {
            while (running.get()) {
                // Update the game state based on the key bindings
                if (player1Bindings.up) { paddle1.moveUp(); } else if (player1Bindings.down) { paddle1.moveDown(); }
                if (player2Bindings.up) { paddle2.moveUp(); } else if (player2Bindings.down) { paddle2.moveDown(); }

                // Render the game on the screen
                paint();
            }
        }

        public void paint() {
            // Clear the screen
            // Draw the paddles
            // Draw the ball
            // Update the display
        }

        public JComponent getComponent() { return null; }
    }

    private static class KeyBindings implements Runnable {
        private final Game game;
        private final String upKey;
        private final String downKey;
        private final HashSet<String> keysPressed;
        public boolean up;
        public boolean down;
        private AtomicBoolean running;

        public KeyBindings(Game game, String upKey, String downKey) {
            this.game = game;
            this.upKey = upKey;
            this.downKey = downKey;
            this.keysPressed = new HashSet<>();
            this.running = new AtomicBoolean(false);
        }

        public void start() {
            running.set(true);
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (running.get()) {
                // Check for key presses
                if (keysPressed.contains(upKey)) { up = true; } else { up = false; }
                if (keysPressed.contains(downKey)) { down = true; } else { down = false; }

                // Sleep for a bit
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(10);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
            }
        }
    }

    private static class Paddle {
        private int x;
        private int y;
        private int width;
        private int height;

        public Paddle(int x, int y, int width, int height) { this.x = x; this.y = y; this.width = width; this.height = height; }

        public void moveUp() { if (y > 0) { y -= 5; } }
        public void moveDown() { if (y < game.getHeight() - height) { y += 5; } }
    }
}

在此範例中：

• Game 類別管理遊戲狀態並初始化球拍。它還啟動遊戲循環線程。
• KeyBindings 類別用於處理鍵綁定。它監聽按鍵並相應地更新遊戲狀態。
• Paddle 類別代表由玩家控制的槳。
• main 方法建立一個新的遊戲實例並安裝按鍵綁定使用 SwingUtilities。它還會啟動遊戲循環。

此範例可確保兩個玩家都可以使用不同的鍵獨立移動球拍，並且遊戲狀態會平滑且響應迅速地更新。

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