為什麼 PyInstaller 會拋出“ImportError：沒有名為‘blah’的模組”以及如何修復它？

PyInstaller Spec File Import Error: Resolving "No module named"

When attempting to build a Python script using PyInstaller, you may encounter the error "ImportError: No module named 'blah'". This issue arises when PyInstaller fails to include all necessary modules in your executable.

Spec File Configuration

The spec file you generated includes the following analysis:

a = Analysis([os.path.join(HOMEPATH,'support/_mountzlib.py'), os.path.join(HOMEPATH,'support/useUnicode.py'), 'icinga.py'],
             pathex=['/home/user/projects/icinga_python/releases/v2.1'])

This analysis identifies the Python files to be included in your executable. However, it does not appear to include any modules from third-party packages, such as the 'mysql' or 'urllib2' modules.

Dynamic Imports

If your Python script dynamically imports modules, such as using the 'importlib' module, PyInstaller may fail to include them in your executable. This is because dynamic imports are not explicitly declared in your code.

Resolving the Error

To resolve this error, you have two options:

1. Add Explicit Imports: You can manually add unused imports of the missing modules to your Python code. This forces PyInstaller to include them in your executable.
2. Use '--hidden-import' Option: The '--hidden-import' option allows you to instruct PyInstaller to include specific modules that may not be explicitly declared in your code. For example, you could use the following command:

python pyinstaller --hidden-import mysql.connector --onefile myscript.py

This command will instruct PyInstaller to include the 'mysql.connector' module in your executable, even if it is not explicitly imported in your code.

Note on --onefile Option

The '--onefile' option does not directly affect the inclusion of modules in your executable. It simply packages all PyInstaller-generated files into a single executable file.

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