快速了解 Spring Boot 如何支援 JMS

範例程式碼

範例程式碼來自此處並進行了一些修改。截至本文撰寫時，使用 Spring Boot 3.3.0 (Spring Framework 6.1.8)。

完整/pom.xml

切換到 ActiveMQ 嵌入式代理

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <!--<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-artemis</artifactId>-->
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-activemq</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
    <!--<artifactId>artemis-jakarta-server</artifactId>-->
    <artifactId>activemq-broker</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- ... -->

完整/src/main/resources/application.properties

開啟偵錯日誌記錄並設定嵌入式代理 URL

#spring.artemis.mode=embedded
debug=true
spring.activemq.broker-url=vm://localhost?broker.persistent=false

complete/src/main/java/hello/Application.java

使用 Spring Boot 建立的 JmsListenerContainerFactory bean，而不是我們自己建構的

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableJms
public class Application {

    /*@Bean
    public JmsListenerContainerFactory<?> myFactory(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
                                                    DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer configurer) {
        DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactory factory = new DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactory();
        // This provides all auto-configured defaults to this factory, including the message converter
        configurer.configure(factory, connectionFactory);
        // You could still override some settings if necessary.
        return factory;
    }*/

    //...

}

complete/src/main/java/hello/Receiver.java

指定預設JmsListenerContainerFactory

@Component
public class Receiver {

    //@JmsListener(destination = "mailbox", containerFactory = "myFactory")
    @JmsListener(destination = "mailbox")
    public void receiveMessage(Email email) {
        System.out.println("Received <" + email + ">");
    }

}

Spring Boot自動設定日誌

僅顯示 JMS 相關配置。

   ActiveMQAutoConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required classes 'jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   ActiveMQAutoConfiguration#activemqConnectionDetails matched:
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionDetails; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   ActiveMQConnectionFactoryConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   ActiveMQConnectionFactoryConfiguration.SimpleConnectionFactoryConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.activemq.pool.enabled=false) matched (OnPropertyCondition)

   ActiveMQConnectionFactoryConfiguration.SimpleConnectionFactoryConfiguration.CachingConnectionFactoryConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.jms.connection.CachingConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)
      - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.jms.cache.enabled=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition)

   JmsAnnotationDrivenConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.jms.annotation.EnableJms' (OnClassCondition)

   JmsAnnotationDrivenConfiguration#jmsListenerContainerFactory matched:
      - @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate (types: jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory; SearchStrategy: all) found a single bean 'jmsConnectionFactory'; @ConditionalOnMissingBean (names: jmsListenerContainerFactory; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   JmsAnnotationDrivenConfiguration#jmsListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer matched:
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   JmsAutoConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required classes 'jakarta.jms.Message', 'org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate' (OnClassCondition)
      - @ConditionalOnBean (types: jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory; SearchStrategy: all) found bean 'jmsConnectionFactory' (OnBeanCondition)

   JmsAutoConfiguration.JmsTemplateConfiguration#jmsTemplate matched:
      - @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate (types: jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory; SearchStrategy: all) found a single bean 'jmsConnectionFactory'; @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.jms.core.JmsOperations; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   JmsAutoConfiguration.MessagingTemplateConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.jms.core.JmsMessagingTemplate' (OnClassCondition)

   JmsAutoConfiguration.MessagingTemplateConfiguration#jmsMessagingTemplate matched:
      - @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate (types: org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate; SearchStrategy: all) found a single bean 'jmsTemplate'; @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.jms.core.JmsMessageOperations; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

相關介面

Interface	Function
org.springframework.jms.support.destination.DestinationResolver	lookup jakarta.jms.Destination instance by String name
org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager	control transaction by JTA
org.springframework.jms.support.converter.MessageConverter	serialize/deserialize DTO instance
jakarta.jms.ExceptionListener	processor when jakarta.jms.JMSException throws. One implementation is SingleConnectionFactory, connection managed by that class will be restarted once exception is catched
io.micrometer.observation.ObservationRegistry	for statistics

關於連接工廠

ActiveMQ的實作是org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory，但Spring Framework並不直接使用它。此類由 org.springframework.jms.connection.CachingConnectionFactory 包裝用於以下

• 只建立一個連接，並且該連接將被重複使用
• 快取 MessageProducer 和 MessageConsumer（在此範例中，僅快取 MessageProducer）

出版商

透過org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate
發送訊息

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <!--<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-artemis</artifactId>-->
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-activemq</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
    <!--<artifactId>artemis-jakarta-server</artifactId>-->
    <artifactId>activemq-broker</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- ... -->

JmsTemplate bean 是 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration.JmsTemplateConfiguration#jmsTemplate 建構的。反序列化 DTO 需要 MessageConverter bean。

DestinationResolver 使用的是org.springframework.jms.support.destination.DynamicDestinationResolver，該類別只是透過呼叫ja jakarta.jms.Destination 實例🎜>jakarta.jms.Session#createTopic 或jakarta.jms.Session#createQueue.

.

訂戶

org.springframework.jms.annotation.JmsListener註釋

attribute	Function
id	prefix of thread name which run listener
containerFactory	bean name of JmsListenerContainerFactory instance
destination	the destination name for this listener
subscription	the name of the durable subscription, if any
selector	an optional message selector for this listener
concurrency	number of thread running listener

org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer 類

在 JMS 規格中，支援非同步訊息處理，並且偵聽器在 JMS 提供者的執行緒下運行。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <!--<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-artemis</artifactId>-->
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-activemq</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
    <!--<artifactId>artemis-jakarta-server</artifactId>-->
    <artifactId>activemq-broker</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- ... -->

但是 Spring Framework 中不使用非同步方法，而是使用同步 API（輪詢）。實際程式碼位於 org.springframework.jms.support.destination.JmsDestinationAccessor#receiveFromConsumer.

#spring.artemis.mode=embedded
debug=true
spring.activemq.broker-url=vm://localhost?broker.persistent=false

org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer.AsyncMessageListenerInvoker 類別用於執行定期輪詢作業。這是安排在 org.springframework.core.task.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor.

為一個 @JmsListener 帶註解的函數建立一個 DefaultMessageListenerContainer 實例。這是由 org.springframework.jms.config.DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactory.

產生的

當然MessageConverter和ExceptionListener實例是必要的。

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